CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM 107 



changes is more complete than our knowledge of the physiological and 

 biochemical changes merely reflects the present stage in the history of 

 science. Morphology and embryology are old branches of biology; physi- 

 ology and biochemistry are youngsters. As they "grow up," our knowl- 

 edge of biochemical evolution will increase vasdy. 



References and Suggested Readings 



Baldwin, E. An Introduction to Comparative Biochemistry, 3rd ed. Cambridge: 

 Cambridge University Press, 1949. (A most readable and stimulating little 

 volume. ) 



Beadle, G. W. "Genes and the chemistry of the organism," American Scientist, 

 34 (1946), 31-53. Also in G. A. Baitsell (ed.). Science in Progress. Vol. 5. 

 New Haven: Yale University Press, 1947. Pp. 166-196. 



de Beer, G. R. Embryos and Ancestors, 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University 

 Press, 1958. 



Blum, H. F. "Perspectives in evolution," American Scientist, 43 (1955), 595- 

 610. 



Blum, H. F. Time's Arrow and Evolution, 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton Uni- 

 versity Press, 1955. 



Fisher, J. R., and R. E. Eakin. "Nitrogen excretion in developing chick em- 

 bryos," Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology, 5 (1957), 

 215-224. 



Florkin, E., and S. Morgulis. Biochemical Evohttion. New York: Academic 

 Press, Inc., 1949. 



Harrow, B.. and M. Mazur. Textbook of Biochemistry, 7th ed. Philadelphia: 

 W. B. Saunders Company, 1958. 



Krogh, A. Osmotic Regulation in Aquatic Animals. Cambridge: Cambridge 

 University Press, 1939. 



Morrison, J. F., D. E. Griflfiths, and A. H. Ennor. "Biochemical evolution: posi- 

 tion of the tunicates," Nature. 178(1 956 ) , 359. 



Nash, G., and G. Fankhauser. "Changes in the pattern of nitrogen excretion 

 during the life cycle of the newt," Science, 130 ( 1959), 714-716. 



Needham, J. Chemical Embryology. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University 

 Press, 1931. 



Nigrelli, R. F. (ed.). "Modern ideas on spontaneous generation," Annals of the 

 New York Academy of Sciences, 69 ( 1957), 255-376. 



Oparin, A. I. The Origin of Life on the Earth, 3rd ed. New York: Academic 

 Press, Inc., 1957. 



Prosser, C. L. "Comparative physiology in relation to evolutionary theory." In 

 S. Tax (ed.). Evolution After Darwin. Vol. 1, The Evolution of Life. Chi- 

 cago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. Pp. 569-594. 



Prosser, C. L., and F. A. Brown, Jr. Comparative Animal Physiology, 2nd ed. 

 Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1961. 



Robertson, J. D. "The habitat of the early vertebrates," Biological Reviews, 

 32 (1957), 156-187. 



