EVOLUTION AS SEEN IN SEROLOGICAL TESTS 125 



from the latter in inheritance. Like A and B they are also variably present 

 in other primates. Among the substances present in the red blood cells we 

 may mention the one termed "Rh." This has received much publicity be- 

 cause of its clinical importance in connection with certain diseases of the 

 newborn. The fact that it is shared by human beings with at least one 

 species of lower primate is reflected in its designation; "Rh" is derived from 

 "Rhesus," the name of the monkey commonly used in experimental labora- 

 tories. 



Our knowledge of the distributions of antigens M, N, and Rh serves to 

 corroborate conclusions reached from study of substances A and B relative 

 to similarity of the germ plasms of diff"erent animals, including man. Such 

 similarities of cellular antigens we interrupt as being based on inheritance 

 from common ancestry. A like explanation seems to account for the simi- 

 larities of serum antigens discussed in earlier portions of this chapter. 



References and Suggested Readings 



Boyd, W. C. Genetics and the Races of Man. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 

 1950. 



Boyden. A. "Systematic serology: a critical appreciation," Physiological Zool- 

 ogy, 15 ( 1942), 109-145. 



Boyden, A., and D. Gemeroy. "The relative position of the Cetacea among the 

 orders of Mammalia as indicated by precipitin tests," Zoologica, 35 (1950), 

 145-151. 



Darlington, P. J., Jr. Zoogeography: the Geographical Distribution of Animals. 

 New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1957. 



Leone, C. A., and A. L. Wiens. "Comparative serology of carnivores," Journal 

 of Mammahgy, 37 (1956), 1 1-23. 



Moody, P. A. "Serological evidence on the relationships of the musk ox," Journal 

 of Mammalogy, 39\ 1958 ) , 554-559. 



Moody, P. A., V. A. Cochran, and H. Drugg. "Serological evidence on lago- 

 morph relationships," Evolution. 3 ( 1949), 25-33. 



Moody, P. A., and D. E. Doniger. "Serological light on porcupine relationships," 

 £vo/////o/7, 10 (1956), 47-55. 



Nuttali, G. H. F. Blood Immunity and Blood Relationship. Cambridge: Cam- 

 bridge University Press, 1904. 



Pauly, L. K., and H. R. Wolfe. "Serological relationships among members of 

 the Order Carnivora," Zoo/og/cfl, 42 (1957), 159-166. 



Sibley, C. G., and P. A. Johnsgard. "An electrophoretic study of egg-white 

 proteins in twenty-three breeds of the domestic fowl," American Naturalist, 

 93 (1959), 107-115. 



Simpson, G. G. "The principles of classification and a classification of mam- 

 mals," Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85 (1945), 1- 

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