534 



INDEX 



Drosophila (Continued) 



rate of mutations in, 339 



stubble mutation in, 445 



sterility in, 475-476 



viability mutations in, 452-453, 455, 

 456, 459, 462, 475-476 

 Drugg, H., 118, 119, 125 

 Drummond, F. H., 362 

 Dryopithecinae, 224, 225, 226, 227, 231 

 Dubinin, 442 

 Dubois, 238 



DuBrul, E. L., 232, 256 

 Dunbar, C. O., 142, 147, 172, 217 

 Dunn, L. C, 251, 256, 402, 419, 426, 



478,483 

 Duplication in chromosome, 396, 397 

 Durant, Will, 508 



Eakin, R. E., 94, 107 

 Ear, embryonic, 59, 63, 66 



middle, 62, 190 



of New World monkey, 223 

 Ear canal, external, 62, 76 

 Eardrum, 62 



"Early Neanderthals," 242 

 Earth, age and origin of, 143 



crust of: folding of, 132, 133; sub- 

 mergence of, 131-132 

 Earthworm, see Annelida 

 Eaton, 186 

 Echidna, 262 



Echinodermata, 102-103, 150 

 Ecologic isolation, see Isolation, environ- 

 mental 

 Ecologic niche, see Environmental niches 

 Ectoderm, 48, 49, 52, 53, 55, 68, 71, 72 

 Edinger, T., 201, 203, 205, 217 

 Egg, amphibian, 163 



bird, 168-170 



dinosaur, 184 



of reptiles, 167-170 



transportation of, 284 

 See also Ovum 

 Ehringsdorf people, 249 



See also Skull 

 Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I., 305 

 Electrophoresis, 121 

 Elements, chemical, 79-81 



trace, 79-80 

 Elephant, adaptations of, 207-210 



African, 206-207, 277, 214-216 



Asiatic, 206-207, 277, 214-216 



evolution of, 206-210, 214-216 



fetus of, 215-216 



reproductive rate of, 352 



skull of, see Skull 



teeth of, see Teeth 

 Elm, 194 



Elton, 284 



Embryo, bird, 168-769 



caecum and appendix in, 41 



comparisons of, 46 



development of, 47-50, 48, 385, 401, 



404; canalized, 422, 425, 466 

 human, 797; development of, 51, 52, 

 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 

 66, 67-69 

 of marsupials, 192 

 organizers in, 68-69 

 of placental mammals, 191-192 

 of reptile, 168-169 

 typical, development of, 47-50, 48 

 waste products in, 93-94, 169 



See also Embryo, human; Pla- 

 centa; Recapitulation 

 Embryonic disc, 52-53, 58 

 Emerson, A. E., 454, 481 

 Emerson, S., 363 

 Empedocles, 4 

 Enamel of teeth, see Teeth 

 Endemic, definition of, 287 

 Endoderm, 48, 49, 52, 53, 55, 77, 72, 



169 

 Enemies, see Predators 

 Energy, release of, 89-91, 144, 497-498 



source of, 85, 87-89 

 Engle, R. L., Jr., 126 

 Ennor, A. H., 102, 107 

 Environment, changes in, 8-9, 13-18, 

 358, 368, 502 

 effect of on structure, 354 

 hybrid, 478-479, 481 

 inanimate, and population size, 353 

 internal, 94-95 

 and mutations, see Mutations 

 unsuitable, 266, 267 



See also Adaptation 

 Environmental niches, 18 

 and bats, 505 

 defined, 15 



and Drosophila, 453, 468 

 and genetic assimilation, 420-421 

 and hybridization, 474-475, 477-478 

 and man, 254 



on oceanic islands, 290, 293-294, 296, 

 487-488, 490 



See also Adaptation; Preadapta- 

 tion 

 Enzymes, 89-90, 104 

 in digestion, 86-87 

 gene action on, 400-401, 403-404 

 Eocene period, 137, 194, 195-196, 200, 



202, 210, 221, 223, 270, 272 

 Eohippus, see Hyracotherium 

 Epistasis, 390-391,592 

 Epoch, 193 



