FOSSIL ANIMALS 



345 



The craniul capacity is about 900 cc., \v}u(!li is intermediate betwecm apes 

 (600 cc.) and men of today. The straight femur indicates erect posture, 

 since quadrupeds have doubly curved thigh bones. The heavy brow 

 ridges, rounded chin, and protruding face are all apelike. 



Also of middle Pleistocene time are a number of skulls and a few 

 leg bones M^hich were found in a cavern south of Peking, China, in 1928 

 and later explorations. Their massive brow ridges, low foreheads, and 

 round chins are apelike, the average 1000-cc. cranial capacity inter- 

 mediate, the straight femur human. Along with the remnants in this 



Fig. 294. — Restorations of prehistoric men. Left, Pithecanthropus erectus; middle, 

 Homo ncanderlhalensis, modeled on the Chapelle-aux-Saints skull; right Cro-Magnon man 

 modeled on type skull of the race. {From original busts by Prof. J. H. McGregor.) 



cave were crude flint implements, and charred bones of animals which 

 indicated that Peking man was a hunter and knew the use of fire. 



Piltdown man, so called from Piltdown common in Sussex, south of 

 London, where it was found, might on the basis of associated fossils be 

 assigned a slightly earlier time than the preceding ones, but had charac- 

 teristics which are indicative, in part, of a later period. The find includes 

 parts of two skulls and some loose teeth. Very much like man of the 

 present were the cranial capacity of 1400 cubic centimeters, which is as 

 large as many European skulls now, and the poor development of brow 

 ridges. Like apes were the considerable thickness of the skull bones, 

 the broad low nose, and the receding chin. The skull is a mixture of 

 advanced and primitive features. 



Neanderthal man, so named because the first-described specimens 

 came from a cave in the Neander Valley near Dlisseldorf, Germany, 



