CREATION BY EVOLUTION 



the "red-shafted flicker" {Colaptes cafer), with the shafts 

 of its quills bright red. These two species show also certain 

 other slight differences, scarcely noticeable. On the other 

 hand, the golden warbler, which ranges through the whole 

 of the United States, migrating widely north and south as 

 the seasons change, is all of one species, because everywhere 

 it can breed freely with the mass of its kind. 



Contrariwise, each island in the West Indies has its own 

 peculiar species of warblers (Mniotiltidse) , whose migrations 

 are not general but range simply between the mountains 

 and the shore of the island. On the same principle and 

 for the same reason, each island in the South Seas has its 

 own peculiar dialect, each plainly derived, however, from 

 the same ancestral language. 



Again, each side of the isthmus of Panama, closed since 

 Miocene time — two or more millions of years ago — ^has its 

 geminate pairs of fishes, some six hundred in all, clearly 

 defined, the distinctions being in traits as useless to the fish 

 itself as to man. The temperate zone has its own series of 

 forest trees, many of which are recognizable as geminates. 

 The plane-tree, the elm, the elder, and the alder belt the 

 earth, but with progressively changing species. In fact, in 

 all groups the geminate relation becomes the rule, and a 

 species absolutely isolated and unvarying is the exception. 



These facts are too well-known to students of the geo- 

 graphical distribution of plants and animals to require 

 elaboration here. It is therefore true, as already affirmed, 

 that no theory of the origin of species can be sound if it 

 fails to take geography into account. 



Science and Faith 



The Universe is with us. It is our Universe and we are 

 part of it and have no alternative save to accept it as it is 

 and as reverently as may be. The positive side of religion 



[8] 



