CREATION BY EVOLUTION 



actual ape-like ancestors of man. None of them were larger 

 than a chimpanzee or small gorilla. 



The fossil we call Pithecanthropus ("ape-man"), from a 

 late Tertiary deposit at Trinil, in Java, is distinctly larger — 

 as large as an average man. It is known by the top of a 

 skull, some molar teeth, and a long, straight thigh-bone. 

 The skull is shaped like that of a gibbon, having immense 

 bony brow ridges, but it is nearly large enough to have con- 

 tained a human brain, and an impression of the brain cavity 

 shows that it had a few human characteristics. Some authori- 

 ties, indeed, regard Pithecanthropus as an overgrown gibbon; 

 others believe that it belongs to the same family as man. 

 Better specimens are needed to determine exactly its rela- 

 tionships. 



The earliest undoubted men are known only by remains 

 of skeletons from Europe, which show some peculiarities of 

 apes. Eoanthropus (the "dawn-man') is represented by 

 parts of a skull and lower jaw from a river deposit at Pilt- 

 down, Sussex, and is especially interesting as approaching 

 an ape in the shape of its lower jaw and front teeth. It has 

 as good a forehead as any modern man, and the size of the 

 brain case is well above that of the lowest existing savages; 

 but the skull lacks the beautiful dome-shape of the ordinary 

 modern human skull, and the neck must have been unusually 

 thick. The shape of the bony chin is unlike that of man 

 and is almost identical with that of a young chimpanzee. 

 Indeed, the whole of the bone of the lower jaw is remark- 

 ably ape-like, and it is shown to be human only by two of 

 the molar teeth, which remain in their sockets. The canine 

 teeth are much larger than those of modern man, and the 

 canine of the lower jaw interlocks with its opposing tooth, 

 as in the apes. The only other known human skull that 

 apparently makes some approach to the same form is a fossil 



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