Fig. 12. — Flower of a species of Magnolia, illustrating 

 a primitive type of dicotyledonous flower structure, in that 

 the stamens (leaves bearing "small" spores) are spirally 

 arranged. The carpels (above the stamens) are spore- 

 bearing leaves carrying "large" spores. Here the spore- 

 bearing leaves are surrounded by a floral envelope of petals 

 and sepals, thus making a true flower, in contrast to the 

 cone of the pines and the organs in lower plants. 



Reproduced, by permission, from Gager's Fundamentals of 

 Botany, published by P. Blakiston's Sons & Co. 



