THE EVOLUTION OF THE BEE AND THE BEEHIVE 



By Sir Arthur Everett Shipley 



Alastey of Christ's College, Cambridge 



For so work the honey-bees, 



Creatures that, by a rule in nature, teach 



The act of order to a peopled kingdom. 



They have a king and officers of sorts, 



Where some, like magistrates, correct at home. 



Others, like merchants, venture trade abroad; 



Others, like soldiers armed in their stings, 



Make boot upon the summer's velvet buds, 



Which pillage they with merry march bring home. 



Shakespeare. 



In a primitive and savage state of society each individual 

 of a tribe is a host in himself. He is at once a 



Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor, 

 Tothecary, ploughboy, thief, 



and except that he cannot very well be his own undertaker 

 he performs all the functions of the various traders and pro- 

 fessional experts that in a more civilized state of society are 

 carried on by numerous men, each suitably trained for one 

 pursuit, and generally for only one. The North American 

 Indians built their own wigwams, tilled the soil, fished, 

 hunted, fought in tribal wars, and engaged in ether activities. 

 The women took a large part in the drudgery of life — cook- 

 ing, tending the young, helping in shifting the camp. But 

 as affairs became more complicated a higher social order was 



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