CREATION BY EVOLUTION 



the various breeds differ more widely than some wild species, 

 and the changes made under domestication have been far 

 more rapid than those which occur among horses in a natural 

 state. Among wild horses the changes that occur in a thou- 

 sand years, or even in a million years, may be slight, but by 

 successive changes from age to age we proceed from the tiny 

 four-toed horse of Eocene time to the large single-toed horse 

 of to-day. Every year has revealed more and more intermedi- 

 ate forms, until the fact of the gradual evolution of the horse 

 is now recognized by all biologists. 



The Elephant 



The elephant is not only the largest living land animal but 

 the most peculiarly built. Its wonderful prehensile trunk and 

 its long, heavy tusks are its most striking features. (See 

 Fig. 3.) It has relatively short and straight legs, a short 

 body, and a very short neck, so that its head is carried high 

 above the ground; its lower jaw is short, it has no front teeth, 

 and only one grinding or cheek tooth in each jaw. Each 

 grinding tooth is composed of 17 to 25 plates and weighs 15 

 to 20 pounds. Elephants' teeth are so large and hard that 

 they form fossils which are easily recognized. Fossil teeth and 

 bones of elephants and of their relatives, the mastodons, have 

 been found in North America, South America, and Europe, 

 countries in which elephants no longer live, as well as in 

 Asia and Africa. The elephants appear to have always lived 

 in dense forests and to have fed on the vegetation they 

 afforded. 



Only two species of elephants are living to-day, the African 

 and the Indian elephant, but in the Ice Age, which occurred 

 in the Pleistocene epoch, there were more than twenty 

 species. In the Pliocene and Miocene epochs there were few 

 true elephants but many mastodons, and they inhabited all 



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