CREATION BY EVOLUTION 



changes culminating in the enormous expansion of the brain 

 and inteUigence in man. The present author has pubHshed 

 a series of works on the recent and fossil Primates, dealing 

 especially with classification and phylogeny as founded on 

 studies of skull structure, dentition, and various parts of 

 the skeleton, in which the same general sequence as that 

 derived from a study of the brain has been worked out. 

 With the collaboration of Dr. Milo Hellman, the writer 

 finds that, as formerly suggested by Dubois, the Miocene 

 and Pliocene group of anthropoids called Dryopithecus 

 clearly foreshadow both the modern anthropoids and man, 

 and that certain species of this broadly inclusive "genus" 

 appear to be at least not distantly related to the actual com- 

 mon ancestor of man and chimpanzee. Remane, after the 

 most profound studies, has shown that the canine teeth and 

 anterior premolars of man retain many tell-tale evidences 

 of derivation from a stage in which these teeth were like 

 those of certain female chimpanzees; and the great anthro- 

 pologist Schwalbe left as his legacy to the world a masterly 

 analysis in which he endorsed the conclusion that man and 

 the chimpanzee are the offshoots of an ancient common stock. 

 Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn, although formerly doubt- 

 ing the derivation of man from an arboreal stock, now 

 finally accepts the remote arboreal origin of man and the 

 derivation of both man and anthropoids from a common 

 anthropoidean stock. He therefore differs from the present 

 writer chiefly in inferring that even as far back as Lower 

 Oligocene time the cleavage between man and apes had 

 already begun. But whether this cleavage took place in 

 Lower Oligocene time or somewhat later, the conclusion 

 remains, based upon a vast accumulation of evidence, that 

 the higher anthropoids, especially the chimpanzee and the 

 gorilla, are man's nearest surviving relatives, and that the 



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