CREATION BY EVOLUTION 



between ape and man is wide. Mr. Darwin, widi his well- 

 known candor in giving die fullest weight to objections 

 against his theory, described it as "enormous," yet in his 

 Descent of Man he endeavors to show that the differences 

 in mentality between man and the higher mammals are not 

 fundamental. Like the mental differences between human 

 beings, which are also enormous, they are differences of 

 degree and not of kind. Consequently we may readily con- 

 ceive that the human mind may have arisen by an orderly 

 process of development from a mind of lower order. 



We are not obliged, however, to regard the evolutionary 

 origin of the human mind as merely a plausible possibility. 

 The evidence for its evolution is much the same as the evi- 

 dence for the evolution of the body. Resemblance in funda- 

 mental features of structure and in method of individual 

 development is justifiably regarded as a strong indication 

 of a common descent. When we compare man with a 

 chimpanzee and note the same form of the external ear, the 

 same rudimentary ear muscles, the same slope of the hairs 

 on the arms and legs, and countless other similarities, even 

 in little useless features of structure, we find the only reason- 

 able explanation of these similarities in the conclusion that 

 they are inherited from some common ancestor. 



The same argument applies to the mind, though minds 

 are not so well suited for detailed comparison as bodies. 

 We think that we know something about the human mind, 

 but most of our knowledge lacks the accuracy and precision 

 of the subject matter of our big books on anatomy and 

 physiology. Our knowledge of the ape mind is much less 

 complete. Until recently no one had ever made a really 

 systematic study of the intelligence of the higher apes. Mr. 

 Darwin did his best to bring together the available informa- 

 tion on the subject when he wrote his Descent of Man. He 



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