CREATION BY EVOLUTION 



further the brain and the mind in the way that the ancestors 

 of man were able to do, because the apes became adjusted to 

 particular modes of life, so that their brains and hands, and 

 in fact their entire bodies, lost that power of adaptation to 

 new or changing conditions which the ancestors of man 

 retained. Hence it is altogether unlikely that in the future 

 any ape can be transformed into a man. The ape's thumb is 

 already so atrophied that it can never regain its adaptability, 

 and without adaptable hands, which are the instruments for 

 applying knowledge and for developing skill, the brain can- 

 not progress in the way necessary to attain the human type 

 of intelligence. 



At one time it was generally believed, as I have already 

 remarked, that the ape's brain has distinctive features, which 

 were lacking in the human brain. One of these was regarded 

 as so eminently characteristic of monkeys and apes (Fig. 2), 

 that it was called "the ape-fissure," or more usually Affen- 

 spalte, the German equivalent of this expression. But all 

 these features, and in particular the so-called "ape-fissure," 

 have now been found in the human brain (Fig. 3) . The fact 

 that they were formerly believed to be so peculiarly distinc- 

 tive of the apes assumes special significance now that their 

 presence has been demonstrated in the human brain; for they 

 become further tokens of the close afiinity between man and 

 the ape — labels, so to speak, to force us to recognise in the 

 organ that is in a sense the physical expression of man's intel- 

 lectual supremacy the evidence establishing its community of 

 origin with the brain of the ape. 



Nor must we restrict the brain's activities to the regulation 

 of the bodily functions and the manifestation of intelligence. 

 The brain is the organ that controls behaviour. As Charles 

 Darwin said, more than fifty years ago: "A moral being is 



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