MIND IN EVOLUTION 



able; but here and now they are nowise separable. "What 

 I have spoken of as two stories, a mental story and a bodily 

 story, are therefore two stories, two versions of that which 

 is given as the one and indivisible progress in the life and 

 mind of this or that individual being. 



Since, then, these two stories of one organism are closely 

 connected, we must try to keep both in view; and since we 

 want to get some clue to the ''origin of mental species" we 

 naturally ask whether we are justified in supposing that 

 wherever there is life there also is mind, though perhaps 

 in some very primitive form. Plants here present a diffi- 

 culty; so let us restrict our attention to animals. Then we 

 may say that, so far as we believe — and most of us do believe 

 — even so simple an animal as an amoeba has something, 

 however rudimentary, of the nature of enjoyment, and 

 something, however incipient, of the nature of reference to 

 its environment. Thus far we do suppose that where there 

 is life there also is mind, though it may be a very simple form 

 of mind. It is, then, for the physiologist to tell his story in 

 terms of action and reaction under physical influence, and for 

 the psychologist to tell h/s story in terms of enjoyment and 

 reference. 



It will, however, be noticed that what is thus attributed 

 to the amoeba is enjoyment with reference to its environ- 

 ment. Nothing was said as to guidance of behaviour on 

 the part of the amoeba. Why was this? Because opinions 

 differ. There is divergence of view. Some of those who 

 have studied with due care such lowly animals tell us they 

 find quite convincing evidence that the behaviour of these 

 organisms shows guidance of action on their part. Others 

 say that, on the evidence as they read it, they are not pre- 

 pared to attribute to a good many of the lower animals any 

 guidance of action on their part. This raises a technical 



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