CORRELATION 



173 



Cases are mentioned by Warren (1926) in his account of the 

 European Hesperidae (' Skippers'). One of the authors has 



Fig. 20. — Specific Differences between the Queens of Vespa germanica F. and 

 V. vulgaris L. Yellow Markings, Compound Eyes, and Ocelli shown in 

 White. Black Parts shown in Black. Reddish-brown Parts dotted. 



1. Differences in the markings of the head (head seen anterodorsally, 



antennae removed, antennal sockets cross-hatched). In V. germanica 

 (A-C) the black marks on the clypeus are variable and the black 

 stripe between the yellow supra-antennal spot and the yellow in the 

 eye-emargination narrows posteriorly. In V. vulgaris (D) there is 

 constantly a black ' anchor ' mark on the clypeus and the black stripe 

 broadens posteriorly. 



2. Head seen from the left side (antenna; removed). In V. germanica 



(E and F) the postocular yellow stripe is normally continuous. In 

 V. vulgaris (G and H) the stripe is normally interrupted. Various 

 intermediates (F and G) occur. 



3. Left half of pronotum and mesonotum (with tegula), seen from above. 



The yellow pronotal stripe in V. germanica (I-K) is more or less angled 

 outwardly ; the tegula, typically, is yellow with a small reddish 

 outer spot and a small black inner one. In V. vulgaris (L and M) the 

 pronotal stripe is narrow and parallel-sided and the tegula is typically 

 reddish-brown with two yellow and one black spot. Figures K and L 

 show intermediates. 



noted a similar phenomenon in the wasps Vespa vulgaris and 

 V. germanica (cf. fig. 20). 



