FiGURi: 1. "Artificial Kidney" was envisioned by Dr. Abel years before one was 

 finally de\eloped which would work on human patients. The \iew abo^•e,, re- 

 jnoduced from an old drawing, shows the artificial kidney used by Dr. Abel on 

 animals in 1913. A cannula (tube) was inserted in the animal's artery (A) to lead 

 blood into the device's apparatus (C), a series of collodion tubes through which 

 the blood flowed and from which substances in the blood were diffused into a 

 Huid introduced from outside. A cross-section of these tubes is shown in the 

 circle at upper left (E). Anticoagulant was introduced through the burette in 

 center of drawing (D). Blood was returned to vein of animal through upper 

 cannula at left (B). 



