SCIENCE, RELIGION AND SOCIALISM 



derive primarily from specific psychological types, and may appear 

 long after the classless society has been established. Thus if it be claimed 

 that the fulfilment of the personality of one sort of individual necessi- 

 tates the injury or exploitation of others, on what ground does com- 

 munist theory refute the claim? The ethical superiority of social 

 equality is in fact at issue. Barbara Wootton^ well points out that 

 "every type of economic organisation will turn top-heavy unless it 

 is quite definitely and deliberately weighted in favour of the weak, 

 the unfortunate, and the incompetent." What justification can there 

 be for this, except the dyam] rod TrX-qGiov of the Gospels, one of 

 the two commandments on which hang all the Law and the Prophets.'' 

 And this leads us to ask whence came the noble hatred of oppression 

 found in Marx, and whence arises this passion in all the communist 

 confessors and martyrs of the present century.^ It cannot be a coinci- 

 dence that marxist morality grew up in the bosom of Christianity 

 after eighteen christian centuries, as if the phoenix of the Kingdom 

 should arise from the ashes of the Church's failure. 



^ Plan or No Plan (Gollancz, London, 1934), p. 106. 



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