186 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 2 



108. Violaceae DC. — Violet Family 



1. Corolla merely gibbous at the base; sepals not auncled; stamens united into a sheath 

 I . Hvihanihiis 



1. Corolla spurred; sepals more or less auncled at the base; stamens distinct or slightly 

 cohermg 2. Viola 



1. Hybanthus Jacq. — Green Violet 



H. concolor (Forst.) Spreng. Moist ravines and rich woods.. Apr. -June. 

 [Cubelium concolor (Forst.) Raf}. 



2. Viola L. — Violet 



1 . Plants acaulescent, or without manifest stems at flowering time, the leaves 

 and pedicels arising directly from the rhizome or from stolons. 



2. Rhizome short, thick, stout (3-10 mm. in diameter); petals violet to 

 white. 



3. Leaves more or less lobed or dissected. 

 4. Leaves dissected into narrow divisions. 



5. Petals all glabrous within, lilac, or the upper two dark violet; 

 style clavate, beakless, oblique at apex; plants without cleisto- 

 gamous flowers; prairies and borders of woods, locally through- 

 out III. Apr.-June. Bird-foot Violet V . pedata L. 



5. Lateral petals hirsute within; corolla violet; style capitate, with a 



conical beak on the lower side; plants producing cleistogamous 

 flowers; prairies or dry open woods, locally throughout 111., ex- 

 cept the s. counties. May. Prairie Violet V . pedatifida Don 



4. Leaves usually lobed or cleft; plants producing cleistogamous flowers. 



6. Leaves all 5-11-lobed or -parted; woods and prairie soil, n. 111., e.x- 



tending southw. to Peoria and Kankakee counties. Apr. -May. 

 [K. papilionacea )^ pedatifida ?; V. palmata sensu auth.; V. 



perpensa Greene] X ^- bernardi Greene 



6. Leaves usually of two kinds, the earliest and latest not lobed, the 

 others 5-7-parted; woods, s. 111., extending northw. to Macon 

 and Peoria counties. May. [V . triloba var. dilatata Brainerd] .... 

 V . falcata Greene 



3. Leaves merely crenate-serrate, not lobed. 



7. Leaves ovate-cordate to reniform or deltoid. 

 8. Leaves glabrous or nearly so. 



9. Hairs of the lateral petals not clavate; cleistogamous flowers on 

 short prostrate or ascending pedicels. 

 10. Leaves ovate-cordate to reniform, acute or obtuse; flowers 

 violet-purple (except albinos) . 

 11. Leaf-blades obtuse or obtusish, broadly cordate or reni- 

 form at maturity; spurred petal glabrous or nearly so 

 within; cleistogamous flowers on short prostrate pedi- 

 cels; capsules 10-15 mm. long; seeds dark brown; 

 woods and roadsides, common throughout III. Apr.- 

 May. Butterfly Violet V. papilionacea Pursh 



