240 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 2 



stem softly short-pubescent, the hairs 0.5 mm. long; woods and thickets. 



May-June _ T. perfoliatur72 L. 



1. Principal leaves narrowed to the sessile bases. 



2. Leaves ovate or oval; sepals finely and evenly pubescent; fruit 8-15 mm. 

 in diameter; corolla purplish-red. 

 3. Stem glandular-puberulent and hirsute; sandy soil in open woods, centr. 



and n. III. May-June T. aurantiacum Bickn. 



3. Stem rather sparsely hirsute with somewhat reflexed non-glandular 



hairs 1-2 mm. long; rich woods, local. May-June 



T. illinoense (Wieg.) Rydb. 



2. Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate; stem hirsute, not glandular; sepals cili- 

 ate, otherwise glabrous; corolla greenish yellow; fruit 6-7 mm. in diam- 

 eter; alluvial soil, s. 111., not common. May T. angustifoliuttJ L. 



147. Valerianaceae Batsch — Valerian Family 



1. Perennial, strong-smelling, mostly tall herbs; some of the leaves pinnatifid; calyx- 

 lobes becoming pappus-like; fruit l-loculed 1. Valeriana 



I. Annual, dichotomously branched low herbs; leaves not pinnatifid; sepals minute or 

 lacking; fruit 3-loculed 2. Valerianella 



1. Valeriana L. — Valerian 



1. Corolla 1-2 cm. long; basal leaves cordate; stem-leaves thin, with 3-7 ovate, 

 toothed leaflets; root fibrous; woods and alluvial banks, chiefly in the s. 



part of the state, extending northw. to Vermilion Co. May-June 



V. paiiciflora Michx. 



1. Corolla 4-5 mm. long; basal leaves spatulate; stem-leaves pinnately parted 

 into 3-7 lanceolate or linear divisions; root fusiform; wet ground, in Lake, 

 McHenry, and Du Page counties. May-June. [V . edulis of auth., not 

 Nutt.] V. ctliata T. 8C G. 



2. Valerianella Mill. 



1. Corolla blue, 1.5-2 mm. long; bracts ciliate, obtuse; fruits 2-4 mm. long, 

 laterally coinpressed, obliquely rhomboidal, wider than long, the dorsal 

 side of the fertile cell with a thick corky mass; waste places and cult, 

 ground, occasional; introd. from Eur. Corn-salad. \_V. lociista (L.) 



Betcke] V. olitoria (L.) Poll. 



1. Corolla white or pinkish; bracts acute, usually not ciliate; fruit longer than 

 wide; native species. 

 2. Fertile carpel of the fruit narrower than the combined width of the diver- 

 gent sterile carpels; corolla 3-4 mm. long. 

 3. Fruit 3-3.5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; sterile carpels divergent, the fruit 



becoming saucer-shaped. Ottawa, La Salle Co., Skeels 



V. patcllaria (Sulliv.) Wood 



3. Fruit 2 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide; sterile carpels inflated, curved to- 

 gether at the ends, forming a deep cavity; moist ground, not com- 

 mon. May-June. Kankakee Co., Hill 



V . nmhilicata (Sulliv.) Wood 



