Jones: Flora of Illinois, 152. Compositae 263 



4. Plants glabrous, except the ciliate bases of the leaves; sandy soil. 



June-July C. lanceolata L. 



4. Plants pubescent; limestone ridges, Lockport, Hill in 1899; known 



also from Cook, Peoria, and Cass counties. [C. lanceolata var. 



villosa Michx.] C. crassifolia Ait. 



3. Stem leafy; plants pubescent; roadsides, fields, and woods, s. III. Pope 

 Co., Clinton in 1898; St. Clair Co., Brendel in 1850; Jackson Co., 

 Brendel, Gleason C. pubescens L. 



2. Leaves palmately cleft or divided, or the uppermost entire. 



5. Leaves petioled, 3 -divided into elliptic-lanceolate segments; heads many; 

 stem 1-3 m. tall; rays entire; pappus none; open woods and along 

 roads. Aug.-Sept. Tall Tickseed C. tripteris L. 



5. Leaves sessile, rigid, 3-cleft at or below the middle, the lobes linear- 

 oblong; heads few or solitary; stem 30-90 cm. tall; rays mostly 3- 

 toothed; pappus of 2 short teeth, or none; roadsides and open woods. 

 June-July C. palmata Nutt. 



1. Leaves or most of them 1-2-pinnately parted. 



6. Heads 4-6 cm. broad; rays 1.5-2 cm. long, yellow throughout; disk yellow; 

 achenes broadly winged; pappus of 2 short scales; plants perennial; 

 roadsides and waste places, occasional; adv. from w.-centr. U.S. June- 

 Aug C. grandi flora Hogg 



6. Heads 1.5-3 cm. broad; rays 8-12 mm. long, crimson-brown at base or 

 throughout; disk brownish purple; achenes linear, wingless; pappus a 

 mere border, or absent; plants annual; roadsides and waste places, 



escaped from cult.; native westw. and southw. June-Aug 



C. tinctoria Nutt. 



33. BiDENS L. — Beggar-ticks 



1. Rays inconspicuous or none. 



2. Leaves pinnately parted or dissected. 



3. Achenes linear-fusiform, with 3 or 4 short, retrorsely barbed awns; rays 

 yellowish white; roadsides and open woods, chiefly in the s. half of 

 111., but extending northw. to Champaign and Hancock counties. 



Aug.-Sept. Spanish Needles B. bipinnata L. 



3. Achenes flat, 2-awned. 



4. Outer bracts 10-16; achenes brown; involucres 10-20 mm. high; road- 

 sides, fields, and woods, chiefly in the n. half of the state. Aug.- 



Oct B. viilgata Greene 



4. Outer bracts 4-8; achenes black. 



5. Involucres 5-7 mm. high; awns of the achenes upwardly barbed; 



wet ground, rare. Aug.-Oct B. discoidea (T. & G.) Britt. 



5. Involucres 10-15 mm. high; awns downwardly barbed; roadsides, 

 fields, and open woods. Aug.-Oct B. frondosa L. 



2. Leaves simple, lanceolate, toothed or lobed, sessile or petioled; awns of 

 the pappus 3 or 4. 



