274 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 2 



GLOSSARY 



AcAULESCENT. Stemless or apparently so. 



AcHENE. A small, dry, hard, unilocular, indehiscent, 1 -seeded fruit in which the peri- 

 carp and seed-coat are not fused. 

 AciCULAR. Needle-shaped. 

 AcTINOMORPHlc. Radially symmetrical; regular; capable of being divided vertically 



into similar halves through two or more planes. 

 Acuminate. Tapering at the apex, and ending in a point or angle of about forty-five 



degrees. 

 Acute. Sharp-pointed; ending in a point or angle of about ninety degrees. 

 Adnate. United with a dissimilar part, as the calyx-tube to the ovary, or stamens to 



the corolla, etc. 

 Adventive (adv.). Transient, not native or fully naturalized. 

 Alternate. Any arrangement of leaves or ether parts not opposite or whorled; placed 



singly at different heights on the axis or stem. 

 Annual. Of one year's growth; a plant that completes its life-cycle in one season. 

 Annular. In the form of a ring. 

 Annulus. a ring of thick-walled cells partly surrounding the sporangium of seme 



ferns. 

 Anther. The pollcn-beanng part of the stamen. 

 Antheriferous. Anther-bearing. 



Anthesis. The time at which a flower opens; or the act of expansion of a flower. 

 Apetalous. Without petals. 



Apmyllopodic. With the basal leaves rudimentary or bladeless, as in species of Carex. 

 Apiculate. With a small point or apiculus. 

 Apopetalous. Having the corolla composed of several distinct petals; equivalent to 



the more common term polvpelalous. 

 Aquatic. Living in water; said of plants which live in water, either floating at the 



surface or completely submerged. 

 Anastomosing (veins). Connecting by cross-veins and forming a network. 

 ANDROCiNOUS. With both staminate and pistillate flowers in the same inflorescence, in 



Carex, with the staminate flowers above the pistillate. 

 Arachnoid. Cobwebby; with fine, grayish, entangled hairs. 

 Arcuate. Curved or bent like a bow. 



Areola. A small angular space marked upon a surface; the meshes of cellular tissue. 

 Aril. An appendage or an outer covering of a seed, growing out from the hilum or 



funiculus; sometimes it appears as a pulpy covering. 

 Aristate. Awned; tipped by a bristle. 



Ascending. Growing somewhat obliquely and curving upward. 

 Attenuate. Tapering to a narrow point. 

 AuRICULATE. With ear-shaped appendages (auricles) ; said of leaves having a pair 



of short obtuse projections at base. 

 Awn. a bristle-like appendage. 



AxiAi. (axile). With the [)lacentae in the axis or center of the ovary. 

 Axil. The upper angle formed by a leaf or branch with the stem. 

 Axillary. Situated in an axil. 



Barbellate. With small fine barbs or bristles. 



Basifixed. Attached or fixed by the base, as an anther upon the filament. 



Beak. A narrowed or prolonged tip; applied particularly to fruits and carpels. 



Berry. A many-seed fruit, in which the entire pericarp except the thin outer skin 



(epicarp) is succulent. 

 Biconvex. Convex on both sides; doubly convex, as a lens; lenticular. 

 BiDENTATE. Having two teeth. 

 BiDENTULATE. Minutely bidentate. 

 Biennial. Of two years' duration; a plant requiring two growing seasons to complete 



its life cycle. 



