Jones: Flora of Illinois 275 



Bifid. Two-cleft. 



Bilabiate. Two-lipped, referring especially to the corolla (or calyx). 



BiPlNNATE. Twice pinnate. 



BiPlNNATlFID. Twice pinnatifid, that is, having the primary divisions of the leaves again 

 pinnatifid. 



Bract. A reduced or more or less modified leaf, usually subtending a flower or a 

 cluster of flowers. 



Bractlet. a small bract, particularly if borne on a secondary axis, as on a pedicel or 

 even on a petiole; a bracteole. 



Branchlet. a small branch or twig. 



Bulb. A short thick bud or modified stem, usually underground, bearing fleshy scale- 

 like leaves that are stored with reserve food. 



Bulbous. Resembling a bulb. 



Bundle-scars. Scars left in leaf-scars at time of leaf-fall by the breaking of the 

 vascular bundles that pass from the stem mto the petiole. 



Caducous. Falling off early, or prematurely, as the sepals of the poppy; in distinction 



from deciduous, or persistent. 

 Calyx. The outer perianth of the flower; a collective term for the sepals. 

 Campanulate. Bell-shaped. 



Cancellate. Marked like lattice, with lines crossing each other. 

 Canescent. With gray or whitish pubescence. 

 CAPlLLAR"i". Fine, slender, hair-like. 



Capitate. Aggregated in a dense or compact head-like cluster. 

 Capsule. A dry dehiscent fruit composed of two or more carpels. 

 Carpel. A simple pistil or a member of a compound pistil; the ovulifeious organ of a 



flower. 

 Catkin. A bracteate, spike-like inflorescence bearing staminate or pistillate apetalous 



flowers ; the catkin falls as a whole. 

 Caudate. Having a tail-like appendage. 

 Cauline. Pertaining or belonging to the stem. 

 Cespitose. Growing in tufts; forming mats. 



Chaff. A small thin scale or bract; particularly on the receptacle of the Compositae. 

 Chartaceous. Papery; having the texture of writing paper. 



Chlorophyll. The green coloring matter of plants, occurring chiefly in chloroplasts. 

 CiLlATE. Bearing cilia, a marginal fringe of hairs. 

 CiLiOLATE. Minutely ciliate. 

 Cinereous. Ash-colored; light gray. 



Clasping (leaf). With the base partly or completely surrounding the stem. 

 Clavate. Club-shaped; gradually thickened upward. 

 Claw. The narrowed base of the petals of some flowers. 

 Cleistogamous (flowers). Small, closed, self-pollinated flowers, as in some violets and 



other plants; they are often underground. 

 Climbing. Said of plants that ascend by means of tendrils, or by twining the stem or 



petiole around a support, or sometimes by other means. 

 Coma. The hairs at the end of some seeds, as in Epilobium, or Asclepias. 

 Complete (leaf). One consisting of blade, petiole, and stipules. 

 Compound (leaf). One composed of two or more leaflets on a common petiole or 



rachis. 

 Concolored. Of one color throughout; not variegated. 

 Conduplicate. Folded together lengthwise. 



Connate. Similar parts fused together, e.g., a pair of leaves united by their bases. 

 Convolute. Rolled up longitudinally. 

 Cordate. Heart-shaped. 

 Coriaceous. Of leathery texture. 



Corm. a short, erect, often globose underground stem. 

 CoRMOSE. Resembling a corm. 



Corolla. The inner cycle of the perianth, composed of petals. 

 Corymb. A flat-topped or convex indeterminate inflorescence with the pedicels arising 



from different points on the axis, the outer flowers opening first. 



