xiv I Contents 



Sexual Recombination in Bacteria 163 



Microbial Genetics and Evolution 164 

 Genetic Systems of Other Organisms 165 



Sexuality and Diploidy 166 



Diploid Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations 167 



Recombination and Genetic Systems 169 



Reduction of Recombination 169 



Mating Systems and Recombination 170 



Inbreeding Systems 171 



Outbreeding Systems 172 

 Summary 172 



Chapter 9 | Genetic Systems II 174 



Meiotic Drive 175 



Ghanges in Ghromosome Structure 176 



Inversions 176 



Reciprocal Translocations 177 



Ghanges in Ghromosome Size and Shape 182 



Ghanges in Ghromosome Number 183 

 Polyploidy 183 



Aneupolyploidy 184 



Eupolyploidy 189 

 Apomixis 196 

 Summary 207 

 References 207 



PART 3 I POPULATIONS: 

 DIFFERENTIATION 



Chapter 10 | The Differentiation of Populations 210 



Examples of Differentiation 212 



Gontinuous Geographic Variation 212 



Golor, Pattern, and Size Variation in Animals 212 



Ecotypic Variation in Plants 213 



Glinal Variation in Plants 214 



Glinal Variation in Animals 215 



The First Stages of Genetic Isolation 218 

 Glosely Related Isolates 220 



