338 



Expressivity, 44, 167 



Extinction, 251, 252, 254-256, 260-264, 



270, 272, 292 

 Exules, 205 

 Eyes, evolution of, 157 



Falconer, D. S., 53, 55 



False dandelion, 185, 202 



Feedback mechanisms, 59, 60, 66, 82, 86 



Festtica pratensis, 191 



Fisher, 45, 100, 102, 123, 131, 132 



Fishes, 204, 205, 270 



species swarms in, 220, 244 

 Fitness, 104, 112, 113, 152, 153, 161, 171, 



183 

 Fixation, 97-100, 114, 117-119 

 Flagella, 26 

 Flagellates, 167 

 Flax, mimicry of, 147 

 Fbght, 264, 265 

 Flowering plants, 168, 194 



(See also Angiosperms) 

 Ford, 130-132 

 Fossilization, 259 

 Founder principle, 136, 243 

 Fox, 7 



Foxes, arctic, 232 

 Frank, P., 314 

 FringiUidae, 224, 243 

 Frog, 63, 84 



{See also Rana) 

 Fruit flies {see Drosophila) 

 Fundatrices, 205, 206 

 Fungi, 73, 166-168, 194, 272 

 Fungus gnat, 28, 187-189 



Galapagos finches (Geospizinae), 224, 243, 



245, 265, 310 

 Gall wasps, 201, 205 

 Galton, 37 

 Gametes, 31, 32, 44, 49, 79, 93, 167 



random union of, 35 



wastage of, 169, 182 

 Gametogenesis, 167 

 Gametophyte generation, 61, 168, 199 



male, 168, 172 

 Gametophytic apomixis, 199 

 Gene combinations and adaptation, 120 

 Gene flow, 234-236, 289 



Gene frequency, 54, 92-95, 97, 98, 101, 

 102,110,114,116 



rate of change in, 106 

 Gene pool, 92 



Generation, length of, and recombination, 

 79 



spontaneous, 5 



sporophyte, 168, 199 

 Genes, 14, 38, 42, 44, 45, 175 



complementary, 42 



epistatic, in chickens, 42 



hypostatic, in chickens, 42 



lethal, 182 



lossof, 117, 118 



modifier, 42, 46, 130, 148 



oligo-, 52 



operator, transcription of, 64, 65 



random fixation of, 121, 235 



random loss of, 235 



regulator, transcription of, 64, 65 



structural, transcription of, 64, 65 



switch, 52 



{See aba Supergenes) 

 Genetic assimilation, 61, 156 

 Genetic code, 13-19, 63, 64 



{See also Genetic information) 

 Genetic drift, 97-99, 133, 170, 171, 243 

 Genetic homeostasis, 153, 154, 167, 171 



and cultural integration, 291 

 Genetic inertia, 95 

 Genetic information, 13, 19, 26, 28, 59, 62- 



64, 75, 92, 281 

 Genetic isolation, 218, 236 

 Genetic load, 112, 113 

 Genetic material, 35, 37, 49, 57, 58 



{See also Genetic information) 

 Genetic systems, 35, 49, 58, 85, 161, 169, 



183, 207 

 Genome, 183 



Genomic chromosome niuuber, 183 

 Genotype, 57, 59, 64, 83 

 Genotype frequency, 93, 94, 120 

 Gentes of cuckoos, 229, 245-247 

 Geographic distribution, 75, 76 

 Geographic variation, 212, 214, 219, 230 

 Geological age, determination of, 260, 261 

 Geospiza conirostris, 225, 226 



difficilis, 225, 227 



forfis, 224, 226, 227,311 

 fuliginosa, 224, 226, 311 



magnirostris, 224, 226, 227, 229, 311 



scandens, 225, 226, 227 



