3 



318 YTTRIUM 



In another study using Pu and Y simultaneously, colloid formation was 

 prevented by diluting the acid solution of the isotopes with an excess of 

 2 per cent citric acid and then carefully adjusting the pH to 6.5 with 

 NaOH (Y-4) . The tissue samples were digested with concentrated HNO 

 and evaporated to near dryness. This was repeated three or four times 

 until only a white ash remained. The ash was dissolved in HNO3, and 

 aliciuots deposited in a porcelain dish, slowly dried under infrared, and 

 counted through a IS.S-mg/cm'- absorber with an end-window Geiger 

 tube. The absorber ehminated any contribution from the plutonium. 



The chemical form of Y as excreted in the urine was studied by intra- 

 venous administration of 2 mc Y^^Cls to rats and subsequent fractionation 

 of the urine by paper chromatography (Y-5). The coincidence of radio- 

 activity and ninhydrin coloration demonstrated the existence of yttrium- 

 amino acid complexes. A detailed study of the deposition of Y" in rabbit 

 bones as a function of time after injection has been reported (Y-6). 

 Single intravenous injections of 12 to 500 mc Y^iCU were given. The 

 effect of carrier was emphasized by extensive animal studies which showed 

 that with increased carrier Y (1 mg/0.1 mc) there was a marked increase 

 in localization of Y^^ at the site of intrapleural, intraperitoneal, intra- 

 muscular, intratumoral, and subcutaneous injection (Y-7). 



Uptake in plants has been studied using nutrient solutions containing 

 about 10-^ fic/ml and also the Neubauer technique (Y-8). 



V-l. Cochran, Kenneth W., John DouU, Marcella Mazur, and Kenneth P. DuBois: 

 Acute Toxicity of Zirconium, Cohimbium, Strontium, Lanthanum, Cesium 

 Tantahim and Yttrium, Arch. Ind. Hyg. and Occupational Med., 1: 637-650 



(1950). 

 Y-2 MacDonald, Norman S., Ralph E. Nusbaum, George V. Alexander, Florita 



Ezmirlian, Patricia Spain, and Donald E. Rounds: The Skeletal Deposition of 



Yttrium, J. Biol. Chem., 195: 837-841 (1952). 

 Y-3. Hood, S. L., and C. L. Comar: Tissue Distribution and Placental Transfer of 



Yttrium-91 in Rats and Cattle (In press). 

 Y-4. Schubert, Jack, Miriam P. Finkel, Marcia R. White, and Gertrude M. Hirsch: 



Plutonium and Yttrium Content of the Blood, Liver, and Skeleton of the Rat at 



Different Times after Intravenous Administration, ./. Biol. Chem., 182: 635-642 



(1950). 

 Y-5. Kawin, Bergene: Metabolism of Radioyttrium, Arch. Biochern. and Btophys., 45: 



230-231- (1953). . 



Y-6. Rayner, Barbara, Alargaret Tutt, and Janet Vaughan: The Deposition of \ 



in Rabbit Bones, Bril. J. Exptl. Pathol, 34: 138-145 (1953). 

 Y-7. Kyker, Granvil C, Edgar A. Cress, and G. I. Gleason: Distribution of Yttrium 



Administered by Various Routes, Fed. Proc, 13: 245-246 (1954). 

 Y-8. Rediske. J. IL, and A. A. Selders: The Uptake and Translocation of Yttrium 



by Higher Plants, Am. J. Botany, 41: 238-242 (1954). 



