466 



RADIOISOTOPES IN BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE 



Autoradiography, cellular, 348-351 

 cellular biosynthesis, 348-351 

 of chromatograms, 342 

 of chromosomes, 349 

 coating method, 336-338 

 with Cu^S 243 

 definition, 324, 428 

 — differential removal by enzymes and 

 leaching, 348-349 

 dosage of isotope for, 327-328 

 of Drosophila, 243, 350 

 dysfunctions shown by, 352-353 

 embryonic studies, 243, 257, 351-352 

 emulsions, 325-327 

 equipment, 325 

 exposure time, 327-328 

 film, 325-327 

 film handling, 327 

 fixation methods, 328-329 

 fluorine effects on bone, 352 

 freezing for, 329 

 grain counting, 354-355 

 histologic techniques, 328-331, 334-340 

 insects, 211 

 interpretations, 355 

 inversion method, 338 

 with iodine-131, 258 

 iron translocation, 345-346 

 isotope properties, 327 

 laboratory needs, 325 

 leaching considerations, 329 

 liquid emulsion, 336-338 

 with mercury-203, 269 

 mounting method, 335-336 

 nucleic acid synthesis, 348-349 

 of paper chromatograms, 381-383 

 of phosphorus 32 in roots, 346-347 

 with plants, 267, 334, 344-346 

 of polonium in blood, 340-341 

 quantitative aspects, 353-355 

 of radiocolloids, 341 

 staining, 330-331 

 stripping-film method, 338-340 

 with sulfur-35, 308, 344, 351 

 tissue handling, 328-331 

 track counting, 354-355 

 with yeast, 252 

 Availability, of radioisotopes, 446-451 

 (See also individual isotopes) 

 of U.S. Atomic Energy Commission 

 Reports, 444-445 

 Average life of radioactive atom, 21, 428 

 Azide-iodine reagent, 369 



Background, 173, 428 

 Background counts, in calculation of 

 sample counting rate, 173-174 



Background counts, definition, 428 

 effect on counter sensitivity, 174 

 as indication of normal scalar opera- 

 tion, 185 

 Backscatter, 428 

 Bacteria, labeled with P^^, 3, 281 

 potassium fractions in, 8 

 radiation effects of P^s on, 70 

 Barium, summary, 210-211 

 Barium (Ba*), summary, 210-211, 446- 



447 

 Barium carbonate, precipitation of, 165 

 Barium-lanthanum (Ba^o-La""), radia- 

 tion effect levels, 67 

 Barn, cross-section unit, 428 



for radioisotope use, 119 

 Barriers for shielding, 95-97 

 Beryllium, summary, 212-213 

 Beryllium (Be*), summary, 212-213, 447 

 Beta decay, beta disintegration, 428 

 Beta particles, absorption of, vs. energy, 

 92 

 definition, 85, 429 

 instrumentation, for hard-, 187 



for soft-, 186, 306 

 meaning of listed energy, 85 

 relative biological effectiveness, 88 

 shielding, 92 



summary of characteristics, 87 

 Bile compovmds of iodine, 382-383 

 Billion electron volt (Bev), 84, 429 

 Binary scaler, 429 



Bioassay, for parathyroid hormone with 

 P32, 47 

 for vitamin D with P^'^, 47 

 Biologic half-life, 429 

 Biological applications of ion exchange, 



407-410 

 Biophysics, 429 

 Biosynthesis, cellular, 348-349 

 composition proved by, 44 

 labeling by, 44, 241 

 of vitamin B12 in sheep, 44, 240 

 Bismuth, summary, 214 

 Bismuth (Bi*), summary, 214, 447 

 Blood, autoradiography of, 335, 341 

 circulation studies, 6 

 collection from animals, 147-148 

 content of tissue, 12 

 direct-counting method, 268-269 

 disappearance rates from, 32-37 

 hematocrit determination, 12 

 hemolysis, 284 

 potassium exchange, 29-31 

 precautions in ashing, 163 

 preservation studies, 50 

 pseudo-ashing, 160-161 

 volume determinations, 11, 237 



