468 



RADIOISOTOPES IN BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE 



Cattle, administration of isotopes, 139- 

 144, 146 



blood collection, 148 



bone structure, 342-343 



Ca and Y removal from plasma, 36 



fecal endogenous Ca, 14-15 



in vivo measurements of, 193 



metabolism procedures, 133-136 

 Cellular biosynthesis, 348-351 

 Cellular localization of isotopes, 348-351, 



355 

 Centrifugation for sample preparation, 



170 

 Cerium, summary, 231-232 

 Cerium (Ce*), summary, 231-232, 447 

 Cesium, summary, 233-234 

 Cesium (Cs*), summary, 233-234, 447 

 Cesium (Cs'"), double labeling, 45 



translocation in plants, 6 

 Chambers, carbon-14 plant studies, 148 



ionization (see Ionization chamber) 



for paper chromatography, 362-366 

 Characteristic radiation, 429 

 Chemical analysis, by isotope dilution, 16 



isotope substitute for, 8-10 

 Chemical contamination (see individual 



isotopes) 

 Chemical effects from tracers, 59-61 

 Chemical exchange, 429 

 Chemical methods (see individual iso- 

 topes) 

 Chemical reactions, isotope effect in, 77- 



78 

 Chemical state in tracer studies, 61-62 

 Chloride in body by Br* use, 215 

 Chlorine, removal rates from plasma, 36 



summary, 235-236 

 Chlorine (CI*), summary, 235-236, 447- 



448 

 Chromatography (see Paper chromatog- 

 raphy) 

 Chromium, summary, 237-238 

 Chromium (Cr"), red-cell label, 11 



red-cell life-span assay, 40 



summary, 237-238, 448 

 Chromosomes, autoradiograms of, 349 

 Chronic exposure, 429 

 Circulation time, determination of, 5, 300 

 Citric acid, plutonium and yttrium com- 

 plexed by, 318 



radium complexed by, 406-407 



steric specificity, 48-49 



strontium complexed by, 304 



zirconium complexed liy, 322 

 Cloud chamber, 429 

 Coating method, autoradiography, 336- 



338 

 Cobalt, assay by use of Co*, 9 



Cobalt, radioactivation analysis, 423 



summary, 239-241 

 Cobalt (Co*), in animal-nutrition studies, 

 4 

 summary, 239-241, 448 

 Cobalt (Co^"), as insect label, 3 

 vitamin B12 assay by, 16 

 in vitamin B12 biosynthesis, 44 

 Coincidence, 429 



Coincidence loss determination, 175 

 Collection, of blood, 147-148 

 of excreta, cattle, 133-136 

 dogs, 132 



laboratory animals, 130-132 

 rabbits, 132 

 swine, 137-139 

 of expired CO2, 131 

 of samples, 159 

 Colloids in carrier-free tracers, 62 



(See also Radiocolloids) 

 Color reagents for paper chromatog- 

 raphy, 368-373 

 Combustion, for C" assay, 163-167 

 of samples, 162-163 

 for tritium assay, 251 

 Complexing agents, in ion exchange, 

 402 

 in tracer studies, 265, 304, 318, 322, 

 406-407 

 Composite curves, radioactive decay, 



20-23 

 Concrete, decontamination, 101 



half-value layers for gamma radiation, 

 94 

 Condenser r-meter, 429 

 Construction materials, 118-121 

 Contamination, radioactive, control, 

 108-111 

 definition, 430 

 removal, 99-101 

 in tracer studies, 159 

 of radioisotope preparations, 446-451 

 (See also individual isotopes) 

 Continuous administration, advantages 

 of, in tracer studies, 10 

 to overcome exchange reactions, 75 

 preparation of labeled feed, 304 

 Control of radiocontamination, 108-111 

 Copper, absorption of beta particles by, 

 92 

 determination in milk, 400-401 

 summary, 242-243 

 Copper (Cu"*), impurities in isotope, 

 64-65 

 summary, 242-243, 448 

 Coprecipitation, 430 

 Cosmic rays, contribution to back- 

 ground, 173 



