476 



RADIOISOTOPES IN BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE 



Percentage depth dose, 438 

 Perfusion, elimination of need for, 12 

 Periosteum, Ca"^ deposition beneath, 



342-343, 438 

 Permeability, ion movement, 4 



as studied with K''^, 8 

 Permissible dose, 438 

 Pesticides, 4, 215, 383 

 Phantom (radiology), 438 



for in vivo counting calibration, 193 

 Pharmacological data (see individual 



isotopes) 

 Phenol-hypochlorite reagent, 371 

 Phosphate, ion-exchange analysis, 394 

 Phosphoglyceric acid in photosynthesis, 



41 



Phospholipids, precursor relationships, 

 37-39 

 turnover, 26-28 

 Phosphorus, analytical methods, 279 

 availability from soils and fertilizer 

 as determined with P^^, 12-14 

 compounds in photosynthesis, 41 

 exchange with phospholipids, 73 

 exchange data, 73 

 summary, 278-282 

 Phosphorus (P'S), for assay, of para- 

 thyroid hormone, 47 

 of vitamin D, 47 

 as bacteria label, 3, 281 

 body-fluid circulation in insects, 6 

 briquets for assay, 172 

 in cellular biosynthesis, 348-349 

 counting-sample preparation, 168 

 dosage levels, 279 

 in double labeling, 45, 191 

 in Drosophila, 350 

 embryonic studies, 279 

 endogenous fecal phosphorus by, 14 

 in epithelial cells, 355 

 fetal-circulation studies, 6 

 impurities in isotope preparation, 62 

 in vivo usage, 5 

 as insect label, 3 

 leaching from tissues, 329 

 losses by adsorption, 278 

 phospholipid precursors, 37-39 

 phospholipid turnover by, 26-28 

 in plant roots, 346-347 

 as pollen label, 152 

 radiation effects, on bacteria, 70 

 on insects, 69 

 levels causing, 67 

 mutagenic, 66-67 

 on plants, 69-70 

 as red-cell label for blood volume, 11 

 rooting-pattern studies with, 50-51 

 summary, 278-282, 449 



Phosphorus (P^^j, translocation in plants, 

 6 



Photosynthesis, apparent first product, 

 41 

 carbon dioxide in, 41 

 chromatography, 378-381 

 equations representing, 40-41 

 exchange studies, 73 

 path of C", 40-44 

 two-carbon acceptor in, 42-43 

 Physiological dose, definition, 60 

 Phytin, phosphorus-32 labeled, 280 

 Picric acid reagent, 372 

 Pile, 438 



as neutron source for radioactivation 

 analysis, 419 

 Pipetting procedures, 169 

 Placental transfer, 4 

 Plant studies (see individual isotopes) 

 Plants, administration of isotopes, ex- 

 ternal application to leaf, 150 

 interveinal leaf injection, 150 

 leaf-tip injection, 150 

 leafstalk injection, 150-151 

 shoot-tip injection, 151 

 stem or branch injection, 151, 289 

 amino acids in, 380-381 

 ashing for potassium, 283 

 autoradiography of, 334, 344-346 

 Ba* studies, 211 

 carbon-14 studies, 223-224 



chambers for, 148-149 

 chlorine-36 studies, 236 

 direct counting of leaflets, 263 

 exchange reactions, 75 

 in vivo counting, 195, 285 

 injection, 150-152 

 manganese studies, 266-267 

 phosphorus-32 studies, 280 

 potassium exchange in roots, 8 

 radiation effects of P«2, 69-70 

 rooting patterns, 50-51 

 rubidium-86 studies, 289 

 strontium studies, 304 

 sulfur-35 studies, 308 

 zinc-65 studies, 320 

 Plasma, as buffer in electrophoresis, 375 

 direct counting, 224, 235, 258, 268- 



269, 300, 307 

 as injection medium, 317 

 potassium exchange, 29-31, 284 

 volume determination, 11, 257 

 Plastics, absorption of beta particles, 92 

 decontamination, 101 

 for shielding, 95, 141 

 Plateau characteristic, 438 

 Platelet (thrombocyte), 438 

 Plutonium radiation effects from, 68 



