HUMAN LONGEVITY 71 



gevity than the total abstainers from alcohol. Heavy indulgence 

 in either tobacco or alcohol is associated with a very poor life 

 table, but the life table for heavy smokers is definitely worse 

 than that for heavy drinkers up to about age sixty. Thereafter 

 to the end of the life span the heavy smokers do a relatively 



15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 65 70 75 W 



Age 



Fig. 14. Same as Fig. 13, except that it deals with outdoor occupations 



better job of surviving than the heavy drinkers. But neither 

 group has anything to boast about in the matter of longevity. 



The third environmental problem to be discussed may be 

 put in this way: Is hard physical labor associated with a short- 

 ened life.? The answer to this question for indoor occupations 

 is shown graphically in Figure 13. 



The results indicate that there is a direct and definite correla- 

 tion between the magnitude of the age specific death rates 

 from age forty to forty-five on, and the average expenditure of 

 physical energy in occupation, afler accidental deaths and deaths 

 directly resulting from the hazards of each of the several occu- 



