PATTERNS FOR LIVING TOGETHER 127 



horde of sorry specimens that any intelligent breeder, or nature 

 itself if permitted, would promptly eliminate as of no biological 

 worth. The eugenists are grappling with the problem of devis- 

 ing adequate and practical ways of accomplishing this result. 

 They have not solved it yet. But there is every reason to suppose 

 that in another century or so great and real progress will have 

 been made in this direction. 



Suppose we now let our imaginations jump ahead that century 

 and envisage a world population of an average density of per- 

 haps 30 per square mile of land area instead of the present 41, 

 and a population rid of a substantial part of the burden of the 

 unfit, living in a world of a vastly greater plenty than anything 

 we now know or can intelligently imagine, as a result of the 

 intervening progress of science. What pattern of government 

 by law would, in such a state of affairs, conduce to the maximum 

 of social benefit practically achievable? This question can be 

 answered only with an opinion j and by me, if I am to be sensi- 

 ble and honest, only with my opinion. I present it, not because 

 it has any particular intrinsic importance, but because it is a 

 convenient way to make one final point that I regard as 

 significant. 



The pattern of government by law that I think would be 

 adequate to meet the postulated premises would be one in which 

 all ultimate governmental power rested in and was equally dis- 

 tributed among all the people composing the group. As one of 

 its two main objectives it would preserve, so far as possible, 

 the innate biological differences between men. I mean this in 

 the broadest sense of the word biological, to include abilities, 

 talents, and opinions as well as purely anatomical and physiolog- 

 ical traits. But it would not merely strive to preserve innate 

 differences. It would also actively and zealously encourage and 

 promote the freest possible expression of those differences in 

 every aspect of life, insofar as such expression was consilient with 

 the equal distribution of the privilege to all. Specifically it would 

 encourage individual incentive and striving in the economic and 

 every other field of activity, and both permit and encourage 



