X CONTENTS 



CHAPTER 6 • Selection and Preparation of Organisms 61 



Essential features of experimental organisms. Desirable fea- 

 tures. General comments on choice of organism. Preparation 

 of organisms for experiment. Preparation of parts of cells. 

 Preparation of chloroplast fragments — an example. Selected 

 references. 



CHAPTER 7 • Centrifuges 78 



Centrifugal force. Sedimentation. Types of centrifuges. 



CHAPTER 8 • Microscopy 83 



The compound microscope. Optical theory. Magnification 

 and resolution. Aberrations. Preparation of materials. Use of 

 the microscope. The phase contrast microscope. The polariz- 

 ing microscope. The electron microscope. Selected references. 



CHAPTER 9 • Colorimetry-Spectrophotometry 110 



General considerations. Analytical instruments. Recording 

 spectrophotometers. Ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotom- 

 eters. Measurements of concentration. Use of the instruments. 

 Fluorescence measurements. Flame photometry. Selected ref- 

 erences. 



CHAPTER 10 • Measurements of Gas Exchange 130 



The manometric technique. The infrared gas analyzer. Mag- 

 netic oxygen analyzer. Selected references. 



CHAPTER n •Chromatography 143 



Separation of plant pigments. Physical principles involved in 

 chromatography. Practical chromatography. Paper electro- 

 phoresis. Gas chromatography. Selected references. 



