INDEX 



237 



Data, calculation of CCont.^: 



mathematical treatments, 194-198 

 raw data, manipulation of, 191-194 

 statistical treatments, 199-211, 219- 

 221 



Deductive reasoning, 7 



Density, 5 1 



Design, experimental, 212—222 

 analysis of variance, 219-221 

 comparison of measurements, 215 

 completely randomized, 217-218 

 factorial experiments, 221—222 

 Latin square, 218-219 

 paired, 215-217 

 randomization, 213-215 

 randomized block, 218 

 sampling, 213-215 



Detection, of isotopic tracers, 167-170. 

 See also Radiation detection 



Dichroism, 106-107 



Diffraction, 90-93 



Diffraction grating, 92-93, 115 



Direct measurements, 32 



Dowex resins, 154, 157 



Drosophila melanogaster, 62, 63 



Electrical measurements, 173-188 



advantages, 173 



circuit diagrams, 188 



disadvantages, 173 



electrical theory, 173-178 



electromotive force, 174 



electronic systems, 178-179 



input transducers, 179-182 



oscilloscopes, 183-184 



output transducers, 182-184 



of pH, 187 



potentiometric techniques, 186-187 



power supplies, 184-185 



semiconducting materials, 174, 181- 

 182 



transistors, 177—178 



vacuum tubes, 176-178 

 Electromotive force, 174 



Electron microscopy, 100, 107-109 

 Electrophoresis, paper, 157-158 

 Elution, in chromatography, 147, 153, 



156 

 Energy 



defined, 37 



measurement of, 37-40 

 heat, 37-38 

 temperature, 38-39 

 radiant, 88, 111, 116, 117 

 relationships, 16, 17 

 thermal, 37-38 

 vibratory, 88 

 Enzymes, 12, 15, 17, 73, 131, 157 

 Experiments 



controlled, 6-7, 15 



data, calculation of, 190-211 



defined, 6 



design, 212—222 



explanatory statements on, 7 



factorial, 221-222 



handling of animals before, 68 



instrumentation, 53—60 



building instruments, 55-60 

 design of instrument, 55-57 

 "elegant," 53 

 safety, 55 

 methods, 16 



preparation of organisms, 67-76 

 animals, 68, 69-70 

 microorganisms, 70-71 

 parts of cells, 72-75 

 plants, 68-69 

 selection of organisms, 61-67 

 criteria for, 63-67 

 desirable features, 65-67 

 separation of parts of organism, 67, 

 68-69. See also Chromatog- 

 raphy 

 techniques of, 15, 53-60 



Factorial experiments, 221-222 



Figures, in manuscripts, 228 



Filter paper, 148-150, 156, 157, 158 



