238 HOLISM AND EVOLUTION chap. 



and propels this striving or conation all the more effectively. 

 The awareness or consciousness of objects becomes clearer; 

 consciousness becomes a real illumination of outside objects 

 which before were dark and unknown. It becomes the 

 torch with which the organism explores its way in a dark 

 and somewhat alien world. Consciousness thus increases 

 the influence of the environment on the organism; and its 

 correlative attention pari passu increases the power of 

 response and the return influence which the organism can 

 exercise over the environment. This mental activity con- 

 tinues to grow in its double inner and outer aspects, its 

 inner capacity of attention and active reaction, and its 

 outward-facing capacity of assimilating external materials 

 in the form of awareness or consciousness of objects. A 

 metabolism of a higher order than that seen on the biological 

 plane sets in; a new psychological structure has been 

 evolved; and Mind starts on its active and creative career. 

 No elaboration of the steps sketched here can be attempted, 

 and the details must be studied in works dealing with 

 Biology and with animal and human Psychology. We are 

 concerned with the underlying processes and the general 

 character of their results. Details must be left to the 

 special sciences. 



I have traced Mind to its dual source, and wish now to 

 draw attention to the consequent duality of Mind itself. 

 Holism on the advanced psychic plane discloses two distinct 

 though interdependent tendencies — the one individual, the 

 other universal — and Mind shows both these contrasted 

 characters, and faces in both apparently opposed directions. 

 Psychologically the duality of Mind is best expressed in the 

 Subject-Object relation which is fundamental for Mind. 

 Consciousness as it develops splits up the indefinite mass of 

 experience into two definite aspects: the self or Subject, 

 which is conscious or attending, the Object, which it attends 

 to or is conscious of. "The Subject — conscious of — an 

 Object " is thus a general formula for all experience of a 

 mental character. The Subject is not before the Object, 

 nor the Object before the Subject, but both arise simul- 



