XI FUNCTIONS AND IDEALS \ 313 



tion in the Personality; they will be relegated to the sub- 

 ordinate position to which their more primitive crude char- 

 acter entitles them. In the Ideal Man the discords of ethical 

 life will be composed, because there will be a harmonious 

 correlation of higher and lower; the harmony will be the 

 richer in proportion to the variety of elements which have 

 been conserved and will thus combine to produce it. It 

 takes all sorts to make the little world of Personality. The 

 unity of character which the holistic movement aims at does 

 not involve the destruction of the lower by the higher ethical 

 factors, but the clear undisputed hegemony of the latter over 

 the former, and the reduction of the former to a subordinate 

 or servile position in the whole. It is this combination, in 

 a harmonious form, of all grades of ethical evolution in the 

 ideal Personality which will make it truly human, while at 

 the same time it will be expressive of the universal order. 

 To secure that harmony ought to be the supreme aim of the 

 ethical individual. 



From these remarks it will be clear how important a part 

 moral discipline plays in the furtherance of the evolutionary 

 holistic scheme. The life of the moral individual does not 

 drift smoothly on like that of the happy gods, but is a con- 

 stant gymnastic effort to strengthen the higher and to secure 

 its dominance over the lower tendencies. The spiritual 

 sublimation of the lower into the higher becomes the con- 

 stant unremitting effort. The mechanical operation of 

 Natural Selection is supplemented on the ethical plane by 

 the conscious co-operation of those powers and agencies 

 which have been evolved in the higher evolutionary pro- 

 cesses. The contest is no longer left to be carried on by the 

 blind activity of natural forces and animal instincts; but 

 reason and conscience take a deliberate hand in the great 

 issue of Holism. The progress of Holism involves that 

 mere Naturalism shall be superseded or at least sublimated 

 at the higher stages of evolutionary progress into the deeper 

 holistic factors which have appeared on the scene in Person- 

 ality. And the object of this conscious moral discipline 

 should not be the ascetic suppression of primitive healthy 



