Contrast between the Human Family and the Ape Family 



HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS 



1 Ground-living biped; habit 

 adapted to rapid travel and migration 

 over open country 



2 Development of the walking 

 and running type of foot and great toe 



3 Use of legs for walking and 

 running 



4 Escape from enemies by vigi- 

 lance, flight and concealment 



5 Tree-climbing by embracing 

 main trunk with the arms and legs, 

 after the manner of the bear 



6 Shortening arms and lengthen- 

 ing legs 



7 Walking and running power of 

 the foot increased by enlargement of the 

 great toe 



8 Use of arms and tools in offense 

 and defense, and in the arts of life 



9 Development of the tool-making 

 thumb 



10 Adaptation and design of im- 

 plements of many kinds in wood, bone 

 and stone 



11 Design and invention directed 

 by intelligent forebrain 



12 Progressive intelligence; rapid 

 development of forebrain 



APE CHARACTERISTICS 



1 Tree-dwelling; four-handed; 

 habit adapted to living chiefly in trees 



2 Quadrupedal habit followed 

 when walking on the ground 



3 Use of legs in tree-climbing and 

 limb-grasping 



4 Escape from enemies by retreat 

 through branches of trees 



5 Tree-cHmbing always along 

 branches, never by embracing the main 

 limbs and trunk 



6 Lengthening arms and shorten- 

 ing legs 



7 Grasping power of the big toe 

 for climbing, modified when walking 



8 Use of the arms for climbing; 

 and for grasping food and enemies 



9 Loss of thumb and absence of 

 tool-making power 



10 Adaptation of the foot and hind 

 limbs to the art of tree-climbing 



11 Design limited to the construc- 

 tion of very primitive tree nests 



12 Arrested development of intelli- 

 gence and of brain 



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