1. BreadstufTs and other grain products are economical sources of energy 

 and proteins and vitamins, but lack proportionate amounts of mineral. 



2. Starches and sugars (carbohydrates) are concentrated sources of 

 energy but furnish nothing else to the diet. 



3. Fats are even richer fuels, yielding approximately two-and-one-fourth 

 times as much energy as the same quantity of carbohydrates or proteins/ 

 Some fats, especially yellow fats, contain vitamins A and D. 



4. Meats, including fish and poultry, are rich in proteins and energy, 

 but, in general, are deficient in minerals and vitamins. 



5. Fruits and vegetables vary greatly in their protein and energy values, 

 but are excellent sources of mineral elements anci vitamins. 



6. Milk forms the most nearly perfect human food we know. Milk and 

 milk products furnish high-quality proteins, much like those found in the 

 human body. Milk contains all the essential mineral elements and all the 

 essential vitamins. It can be considered the most valuable of all foods for 

 making up for any deficiencies in the diet. 



7. Eggs are high in nutritive value, are rich sources of high-quality pro- 

 teins, of phosphorus, and of vitamins A, B, D, and G. 



Enriched Flour For many years the grinding of wheat into flour has 

 included the removal of the bran and parts of the germ, or embryo, of the 

 grain. The bran is removed because people seem to prefer the pure white 

 flour, and the germ is removed because that makes it possible to keep the 

 flour from spoiling as it is shipped to all parts of the world or stored in- 

 definitely. But as a result of such superior grinding the flour lacks certain 

 components that are essential for the nutrition of those for whom flour 

 bread is a large part of the diet. In 1942 the Food and Drug Administration 

 ordered that all white flour used for baking bread be "enriched" with various 

 vitamins and minerals. 



Within a year after this order went into effect, a large New York hospital 

 reported that beriberi and pellagra cases in its wards had declined by more 

 than half. The legality of the order had been challenged, but the Supreme 

 Court of the United States upheld the Administration in its authority to 

 make the requirements in the interests of public health. Since October 1, 

 1943, the millers rather than the bakers must make the addition of vitamins 



^The energy value of nutrients within the body is as follows: 



CALORIES PER GRAM 



Proteins 4 



Carbohydrates 4 



Fats 9 



A given quantity of fat furnishes more than twice as much energy as the same quantity of 

 proteins or carbohydrates. 



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