2 To study reproduction in the paramecium, prepare slides having numerous 

 individuals on them. Search for individuals that are dividing; follow one in the 

 process of fission under low magnification until the process is complete. Note the 

 length of time it takes. Compare the new individuals as to the oral groove and 

 other structural characters that may distinguish them. Describe the type of repro 



duction in the paramecium. 



3 To find out how mitosis, or cell-division, takes place, examine models or 

 charts showing the several phases in mitosis. To see the various stages of division, 

 study with the aid of a compound microscope prepared slides of sections ot an 

 onion root-tip, in which cells reproduce rapidly. Draw and describe the essential 



facts in mitosis. • i u 



4 To demonstrate regeneration in plants, propagate plants vegetatively by 

 means of cuttings, tubers, bulbs, corms, rhizomes, runners, budding and grafting. 

 Make cuttings from healthy plants with a sharp knife and place in moist-sand 

 flats After roots have formed, transfer new plants to good soil. Transplant tubers, 

 bulbs, corms, parts of rhizomes, or buds from runners directly into good soil. 

 Compare these modes of producing new individuals with the regeneration of new 

 individuals from fragments of flatworms. Compare the new plants produced by 

 these vegetative means with the original plant from which the organs were 



removed. . 



5 To find out how mold reproduces, grow a rich colony and examine parts 

 with the microscope.^ Examine threads and sporangia with low power and with 

 high power. Place spores on a sterile agar plate, or in a 1 per cent sugar-solution 

 on a slide, or in some other suitable medium, to find out whether they are capable 

 of producing new mold plants. (Keep in a warm, moist place for a few days.) 

 Watch for new threadlike growths emerging from single spores. Describe this 



method of reproduction. • . , r 



6 To study the egg-laying organs of a hen, dissect out the single left ovary 

 and oviduct and examine carefully. Describe the essential structures. Where does 

 fertilization probably take place? Describe the reproductive process in poultry. 



7 To see viviparous reproduction in fish, grow guppies under observation in 

 the laboratory. (The larger fish is the female. When her body becomes swollen, 

 watch for the very small young to be born. Remove the young immediately to 



iFor cuttings use willow, forsythia, privet, geranium, coleus or begonias. For tubers use 

 potatoes, cinnamon vines or Jerusalem artichokes. For bulbs use tulip, omon hyacinth or 

 my. For corms use gladiolus, spring beauties or trilliums. For rhizomes use bluegrass, ins, 

 rhubarb or yarrow. For runners use strawberry or cinquefoil. ., , . , 



Farmers' Bulletin No. 1567, Budding and Grajttng, gives detailed information on pro- 

 cedures. Different varieties of apple can be grafted onto one tree. Apple, pear and quince can 

 be grafted onto one another; peach and plum may also be grafted on each other. The cam- 

 bium layer of the cutting, called the saon, must come in contact with the cambium layer of 

 the stock to which it is being grafted. In doing cleft grafting apply dormant scions to stock 

 before the buds begin to swell. Seal cuts with grafting wax. 



^To grow mold, expose a slice of bread to the air for ten minutes for some mold spores 

 to fall on it. Keep in a warm place on moist paper on a plate, covered with a )ar or tumbler. 

 In a few days black dots (the "fruit-dots", or sporangia) will be seen scattered in the white 

 fuzzy growth. 



395 



