type of experience.) Find as many common items as possible among the different 

 sets of "enjoyments". How do these satisfactions differ from similar satisfactions 

 derived from active participation in sports, in adventure, in work, etc. ? In what ways 

 may we account for the resemblances between actual experience and substitute ex- 

 perience? How may we account for resemblances among the satisfactions furnished 

 by various types of substitute experience? 



3 To see how far variations in taste may be traced to their sources, have each 

 member of a group list three "best liked" and three "most disliked" foods, plants, 

 colors, animals, types of person, or other class of experience. Have each one try to 

 account for a strong like or a strong dislike by telling either {a) how he came to have 

 strong feeling in the case, or {b) why he considers the item desirable or undesirable, 

 pleasing or displeasing. How far are we able to account for our preferences? To 

 what extent are our preferences determined by good "reasons"? To what extent do 

 our tastes seem to be influenced by the customs or usages of those among whom we 

 have grown up? 



4 To show how far human activities yield satisfactions unrelated to practical 

 "needs", have members of a group list games or hobbies in which they are individ- 

 ually interested and analyze them to find out just what features appear to furnish 

 pleasant feelings. What is common to many different games or hobbies? What 

 appears to appeal to some individuals but not to others? What hobbies or games 

 have been developed into careers or means of HveHhood? What hobbies have de- 

 veloped results in the form of knowledge or devices that are socially valuable? 

 Gather examples of hobbies that depend upon interest in living objects — collecting, 

 classifying, comparing structure, dissecting, displaying, social statistics, painting, 

 modeUng, etc. Gather examples of hobbies that depend upon interest in living 

 processes — migration, combat, food-getting, training animals, experimentation, 

 breeding plants and animals, landscaping, social work, nursing, law, education. Red 

 Cross or relief work, fishing, city-planning, etc. 



5 To estimate the importance that is increasingly attached to recreation find 

 out {a) what your own community has been doing over a period of years through the 

 department of parks, through the schools, and through other pubUc and private 

 agencies to provide facilities for recreation; {b) what your state agencies have been 

 doing; and {c) what is being done by the United States Department of the Interior 

 through the national parks (obtain the Department of the Interior publication Parl{ 

 and Recreation Structures, which describes the various facilities available and offers 

 suggestions for constructing similar appliances in local playgrounds). A committee 

 might profitably survey recreational needs in the community and confer with repre- 

 sentatives of other groups or organizations with a view to increasing or improving 

 faciUties. 



QUESTIONS 



1 How do the needs of human beings differ from those of other species? 



2 In what ways is human capacity for pain and for pleasure probably different 

 from that of other species? 



3 In what ways do individuals come to prefer some experiences to others? 



674 



