No one person can be "scientific" by himself. The science which we use 

 is a social product that has involved countless workers from all over the 

 world for generations. Using our science depends also upon thousands of 

 widely scattered technical jobs that furnish multitudes of materials and prod- 

 ucts. These have to be distributed through commercial channels and placed 

 finally in the hands of the individual "scientific" farmer or "consumer". 



Using scientific knowledge, devices and practices for preventing sickness 

 and for maintaining health involves similar complications and interrelations. 

 One keeps well or gets well through public and private agencies and through 

 professional workers — doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, hygienists, bac- 

 teriologists, pathologists, radiologists, anesthetists, sanitarians, and other 

 socialized aids and assistants. 



We have abolished pain and hunger and other physical suffering — in spots. 

 But those very qualities of human beings that have made possible all their 

 civilization in the past have created new demands — which are not so easily 

 satisfied. For man has enlarged his world and strengthened his control through 

 his imagination and invention and curiosity and experimentation. It is 

 through his language and social interactions that he has accumulated ex- 

 periences from all regions and all ages to use upon particular problems. But 

 these characteristics sensitized him also to new kinds of unhappiness. 



Man seems to need symbolical, or representative, activities that assure 

 him of his own worth and ability — and that impress others. He must satisfy 

 these inner needs through work and play. If he cannot find forms of activity 

 that are socially acceptable, he is likely to find modes that are socially offensive 

 — bullying, browbeating, tricky mischief, cruelties. Various peaceful pursuits 

 normally furnish individuals outlets for both their physical energies and their 

 need to assert themselves and express themseKes. The arts and crafts, games 

 and specialized collecting, and numerous ma\ing interests should serve. But 

 some individuals seem incapable of mastering such interests sufficiently or of 

 finding them satisfactory. Then they find their happiness in forms that result 

 in exploiting or abusing others. Or perhaps society has not yet succeeded in 

 finding for all individuals civilized uses for their surplus time and energies. 



The desire for power no doubt indicates something essential in "human 

 nature" — whether it appears in physical conflict, in social or economic domina- 

 tion over others, or in military forms. To let these forms persist is to let a few 

 attain their happiness at the expense of the multitudes. We need not seek 

 for a change in "human nature". A solution can come only through cultivat- 

 ing still further equally human qualities of regard for human dignity, of sym- 

 pathy and mutual aid, and through cultivating a better understanding of life, 

 its needs, its possibilities. 



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