CONTENTS 



Hematological Characteristics 56 



Comparative Serology 56 



Blood Groups 59 

 Biochemistry and Recapitulation 59 



Phosphagens 59 



Visual Pigments 60 

 References 61 



Chapter Five: Evidences of Evolution lY: 

 Pcr/eonto/ogy and Genetics 62 



The Geological Time Scale 62 



The Lead Method 63 



The Radio-Carhon Method 66 

 Fossilization 67 



Types of Fossils 69 



Incompleteness of the Fossil Record 69 

 Evaluation of the Fossil Record 71 

 Catastrophism Versus Evolution 72 

 Evolution of the Horse 72 

 Evidence from Genetics 74 

 References 75 



Chapter Six: The History of Evolutionary Thought 76 



Lamarck 76 



Darwin 78 



The Romantic Period 79 



The Agnostic Period 82 



The Period of Modern Synthesis 84 



References 85 ^ 



Chapter Seven: The Two Main Problems of Evolution 86 



PART TWO: PHYLOGENY {Evolution Above the Specific Level) 87 



Chapter Eight: The Origin of Life and the Differentiation 

 of the Plant and Animal Kingdoms 89 



Theories of the Origin of Life 90 



Sponlaneoiis Generation 90 



77ie Cosmozoic Tlieory 90 



Viruses and the Origin of Life 91 

 Oparin and C'heniical E\()lntioii 93 



Origin of Organic Compounds 93 



Colloids, Coacervates, and Individuality 94 



Auiocalalytic Systems, CU'nes, and Viruses 95 



Origin of Bacteria 95 



Diversification of tJic Bacteria 96 



Respiratory Systems and Photosynthesis 96 

 Evolution of the Bacterial Cell 98 



B(U-tcria ami Phytogeny 99 

 Subkingdoni Thalloplnla 100 



The Cyanophyta 101 

 The Euglenophvta and the Separation of the Kingdoms 102 

 The Chlorophyta 104 



Chlamydomonas and the Origin of Sex 104 



Multicellular Individuals 1()7 

 References 110 



JC« 



