INDEX 



Brooks, W.K.^ 136 



Broom, R., 187 



Brower, Jane v.Z., 252 



Brovvn, W. L., jr., 198, 237, 276, 325, 330 



Bryophytes, 111-113, 116 



origin of, 125 



phylogeny of, 113 

 Bryozoa, 140, 147 

 Buffalo, 332 

 Biifo, in Hawaii, 25 

 Butterflies, mimicry in, 245, 246 



Cactus, needles of, 51 

 Cain, S. A., 313, 320, 326 

 Calamoichthtjes, 161 

 Calvin, M., 95, 110 

 Cambrian Period, 65, 111 



date of, 66 

 Camp, 325 



Campephoga, mimicry in, 245-246 

 Cannon, H. G., 85 

 Carboniferous Period, 65, 117 

 Carcinus, selection in, 237 

 Caribou, 18 

 Carnivora, 175, 176 

 Carotid arteries, 48-49 

 Carpal bones, 39 



Cartesian transformation, 261, 262 

 Casts, of organisms, 69 

 Catabolism, 97 

 Catastrophism, 72 

 Catesby, Mark, 27 

 Cave animals, blindness in, 43-44 

 Cenozoic Era, 63, 64 ' 



duration of, 66 

 Centipedes, 145 

 Central America, as a filter bridge, 317- 



318 

 Centrum, 31 

 Cephalization, 144 

 Cephalochordata, 157-158 

 Cephalopoda, 142 

 Cephalopod eye, compared to vertebrate 



eye, 40-41 

 Ceratodus, 165 

 Cervus, 262 

 Cestoda, 139 

 Cetacea, 176 

 Chaetognatha, 149 

 Character displacement, 276, 312 

 Chelae, of crayfish, 37 

 Chelonia, 168, 169, 170-171 

 Chester, K. Starr, 61 

 Chimaeras, 160 

 Chimpanzee, 180, 181 



blood groups of, 59 

 Chiroptera, 39, 175, 176 

 Chitons, 141 

 ChJamyclomonas, 128 



and sex, 104-107 

 Chlorophyll, 89, 97, 101, 102 

 Chlorophyta, 101, 104-109 



origin of, 124 

 Chloroplasts, 102 

 Choanichthyes, 161, 163-166 



aortic arches of, 48 



Choanocytes, 133 

 Choanoflagellates, 128-129 



and origin of sponges, 133 

 Choice of mates, factors in, 249-250 

 Chondrichthyes, 160 



vertebrae of, 31-32, 33 

 Chondrostei, 161-163 

 Chordata, 29, 155-177 



diagnostic characters of, 149-150 



origin of, 155-157 



subdivisions of, 157-158 

 Chorion, 168 

 Chromosomal mutations, significance of, 



224-226 

 Chromosomes, architecture of, 216-226 



composition of, 54-55 



differentiation of, 214-216 



duplication of, 95 



fragmentation of, 307 



heredity based upon, 81 



numbers in plants, 293 



organization of, 225-226 



redviction of, 129 



salivary gland, 215-216, 280-282 

 structure of, 224 

 Chrysophyta, 101 

 Ciliata, 131 



Circumcision, and Lamarckism, 78 

 Cirri, 131 

 Cirripedia, 8 



embryology and classification of, 50-51 

 Citdlus, 273 



Clark, W. E. LeCros, 187, 192, 198 

 Class, defined, 28 

 Classification, 27-31 



necessity of, 27 

 Clausen, J., 85, 213 

 Clausen, R. E., 301, 302, 307 

 Cleavage, determinate, 140 



spiral, 140 

 Cleveland, L. R., 129 

 Climate and evolution, 324-325 

 CUne, 209-211 

 Club mosses, 117-118 

 Cnidaria, 136 

 Coacervates, 94-95 

 Coelacantliini, 166 

 Coelenterata, 136-137 



fossils of, 71 

 Coelenterate theory of chordate origin, 



155 

 Coelom, enterocoelous, 148 



schizocoelous, 140 

 Coenopteridales, 121 

 Cohort, defined, 175 

 Colbert, E. H., 177 

 Colchicine and polyploidy, 293-294 

 Cole, Faye-Cooper, 85 

 Colloids, 94-95 

 Comb jelly, 137 

 Comparative anatomy, 31-45 

 Complexity and efficiency, 153 

 Cone, defined, 117 



of gymnosperms, 122 

 Coniferales, 121-122 

 Conifer histology, 51 

 Conjugation, 131 



341 



