ANIMAL ORGANISMS IN RELATION TO THEIR, ENVIRONMENT 485 



540. Mimicry and Protective Resemblance, — What is essentially an 

 ecological phenomenon, since it involves adjustment to the environment, 



CD H G 



Fig. 304. — Mimicry. Several cases of resemblance lietween animals of different groups, 

 one of which is said to mimic the other. A, a clear- winged moth which resembles a wasp, 

 B. C, a beetle wath very short elytra which resembles a wasp, D. E, a fly which resembles 

 a wasp, F. G, a spider which resembles an ant, H. 



is that of color and form in animals as related to surrounding objects. 

 Concealing coloration is a color possessed by the animal which makes 



Fig. 305. — Protective resemblance. A, the leaf butterfly of India, Kallima sp., which 

 when resting vipon a twig resembles a dead leaf. B, a lepidopterous larva, which assumes 

 a resting attitude in which it resembles a twig. C, a leaf insect of South America, Phyllium 

 sp., which belongs to the walking sticks, and which resembles in form and color an assem- 

 blage of leaves. {A and C from specimens; B redrawn from Jordan, Kellogg, and Heath, 

 "Animal Studies," by the courtesy of D. Appleton & Company.) All X %. 



it invisible against the background of the environment. It is evident 

 that concealing coloration would be useful both to a nonpredatory animal 



