424 



METAZOAN PHYLA 



more evident in the child than in the adult. In the young child there 

 are indications of opposability on the part of the great toe, and the 

 position of the legs also reminds one of these appendages in the apes. 

 Attention was called by Darwin to the grasping instinct of the child. 

 Very young children show a tendency to grasp things in their hands and 

 have a surprising strength in their arms, being able to support their 

 weight by clinging to an object which they can grasp. 



452. Intermediate Forms. — The remains of several primates have 

 been found in Europe and Asia which seem to have characteristics of 

 both man and apes but which are more clearly apelike. Evidences 

 have recently been discovered in South Africa of an extinct type which 

 also seems to be more apelike than manlike. In no case, however, are 



ABC 



Fig. 290. — Races of men. A, the ape man. Pithecanthropus. B, the Neanderthal man. 

 C, the Cro-Magnon man. (Pen sketches in New York State Museum Handbook 9, from 

 original busts in the American Museiim, of Natural History by McGregor, by the courtesy of 

 the American Museum, and the New York State Museum at Albany.) 



the parts of the body which have been found sufficient to justify a very 

 accurate conception of the character of the animal of whose body they 

 formed a part. Finally, in the island of Java parts of the skeleton of a 

 prehistoric type have been found belonging to the genus Pithecanthr-opus, 

 which has been called the Java ape man (Fig. 290^1). This type is 

 generally looked upon as being more like the apes than like man. 



453. Fossil Men. — There are several extinct races whose fossilized 

 bones seem clearly to indicate their human character and which, there- 

 fore, have all been placed in the genus Homo. The first of these is 

 known as the Heidelberg man, since the bones were found near Heidel- 

 berg, Germany. In some ways the parts which have been found are 

 quite different from those of modern man but the teeth are distinctly 

 human. A second type is the Piltdown man, named for the locality in 

 England near which the bones have been secured. This race combined 

 both primitive and advanced characteristics. The jaw is apelike but 

 the cranium is human in form, lacking the prominent ridges found on the 



