CONTENTS 



Paoe 



Preface v 



PART I 



Fundamental Principles 



CHAPTER I 



The Field of Zoology ... 3 



Appeal of zoology — Number of animals — Variety of animals — Distribution 

 of animals — Relations of animals — Definition of zoology — Divisions of the 

 subject — Scope of general zoology — Animal biology. 



CHAPTER II 



Matter 7 



Definitions — Constitution of matter — Elements and compounds — Acids, 

 bases, and salts — States of matter — Surface films — Mixtures — Ionization — 

 Colloids — Colloidal emulsions — Reactions. 



CHAPTER III 



Energy 14 



Forms of energy — Chemical energy — Laws of thermodynamics. 



CHAPTER IV 



Living and Nonliving Matter 16 



Contrast between living and nonliving matter — Tests of life. 



CHAPTER V 



Protoplasm 18 



Historical facts — Chemical character of protoplasm — Physical characteristics 

 of protoplasm — Microscopical structure of protoplasm — Appropriateness of 

 protoplasm as living substance — Life is a consequence or concomitant of 

 organization. 



CHAPTER VI 



Life 24 



Definition — Vital force — Vitalism and mechanism — Origin of life — Possi- 

 bility of creating life. 



CHAPTER VII 



Cells 28 



Definition — Sizes and shapes of cells — Numbers of cells — Structure of cells — 

 General physiology of the cell — Development of knowledge of the cell — Cell 

 theory and cell doctrine. 



ix 



42591 



