GLOSSARY 561 



Buffon, de (de bli ion'), Georges L. L. French naturalist; 1707-1788. 

 byssus (bis' tls). A tough thread or a group of threads attaching a mussel to a solid 

 object. 



Caecum (se' kfim). A blind outpockcting of the intestine; adj., caecal. 



calc (kfllk). L.;lime. Calcareous (kAl ka' re us). Limy. 



capillary (ktlp' I la rl). A fine tube, such as a blood or bile capillary. 



carapace (kar' a pas). A hard dorsal covering of a body, such as that of a turtle or a 



crayfish. 

 carbohydrates (kiir b6 hi' drats). Organic compounds, including starches, sugars, 



and cellulose, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the number of atoms 



of hydrogen and oxygen being usually as 2:1. 

 cardio (kar' dl 6). G.; heart. Cardiac. Pertaining to the heart. 

 carnivorous (kar niv' 6 rils). Flesh-eating; a flesh-eating animal is known as a 



carnivore (kar'nlvor). 

 carpus (k:ir' piis). The wrist bones; adj., carpal. 



Castle, William E. American zoologist, at Harvard University; 1867- . 

 catalysis (ka tal' 1 sis). The acceleration of a chemical reaction by a substance — an 



enzyme — known as a catalyst or catalyzer, which is not changed in the process; 



adj., catalytic (kftt a lit' Ik). 

 caudal. Pertaining to the tail. 



cell. A mass of protoplasm containing a nucleus; cells may exist as individual organ- 

 isms or may be parts cJf many-celled organisms, 

 cell membrane. A protoplasmic layer surrounding a cell; the plasma membrane, 

 cell theory. The theory that all plants and animals are composed of cells; now so 



well-established as to have become the cell doctrine, 

 cellulose (sgl'ulos). A carbohydrate which usually makes up the walls of plant 



cells; found in animals only in the tunicates. 

 cell wall. A nonliving wall about a cell, secreted by the cell itself, 

 central body. A clear mass in a cell, near the nucleus, containing one or two cen- 



trioles; also called centrosome, centrosphere, or attraction sphere. 

 centralization. The development of a central nervous system. 

 central nervous system. That part of the nervous system which receives afferent 



impulses and sends out efferent ones; it may consist of a pair of ganglia and two 



ganglionic nerve cords, as in the planarian; a chain of connected ganglia, as m 



the annelids and arthropods; or the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates. 

 centriole (s6n' tri ol). A minute granule contained in the central body or seen at 



the center of the aster in mitosis; also called centrosome. 

 centrolecithal (sfn tro Igs' I thftl). Adjective applied to an egg cell with the yolk 



massed toward the center. 

 centrosome (s6n' tr6 som). A name which has been used in different senses; has been 



applied to both the central body and centriole; adj., centrosomal (sSn tro so' mal). 

 cephalo (sgf al6). G.; head. Cephalic. Pertaining to head. 

 cephalization (s6f a II za' shiin). The development of a hea;d containing a brain, 

 cephalothorax (s6f a 16 tho' raks). A part of the body composed of the fused head 



and thorax. 

 cercaria (sur ka' rl a). A stage in the development of a fluke. 

 cerebellum (sgr e bgl' Qm). The fourth part of the brain in vertebrates; contains the 



centers for muscular coordination; adj., cerebellar, 

 cerebrum (sSr' e brtim). The anterior division of the brain in vertebrates; in higher 



forms it is the center of intelligence and reason; adj., cerebral, whicli also may be 



used in reference to any brain. 

 cervical (stir' vl kal). Pertaining to the neck. 



