AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY,. 33, 
___ Fig. 3. reprefents the pulmonary yein in the time. of expiration ; a being its trunk, 
cut clofe to the bafe of the heart; 4, 4, its divifions to the right and left lobe of the 
lungs; ¢, the canalis arteriofus ; d, d, the extremities of the arteries freed from the 
Veflicles of the lungs, and their inofculations with the pulmonary veins. 
£ 
OF THE ARTERIES. 
AN ARTERY is a fimilar, fpermatic, membranous, long, round, hollow, Party 
a common pipe-like organ, confifting of a double coat proceeding from the heart, 
joined every where to the veins, by the affiftance of many ofculations, containing 
and carrying the nutritious blood and vital fpirits to all parts of the body. . It is 
called arteria, from its containing and preferving air or fpirit, and therefore the an- 
cients, as, Hippocrates, Plato, and Ariftotle, call the wind-pipe arteria magna: but 
Galen makes a diftinction, and calls the wind-pipe a/pera arteria, the rough artery, 
and thofe of which we here {peak arterie Jeves, the {mooth arteries, which Ariftotle 
~ calls fometimes venam aortam, and fometimes fimply aorta. Their matter is a cold 
clammy part of the feed: the original of their difpenfation is the heart, and they 
proceed out of the left ventricle thereof, and not the middle (as Ariftotle would 
have it); and therefore the aorta, or arteria magna, proceeds particularly from the 
left ventricle: but the pulmoniac arteria (falfely called by the ancients vena arteriofa) 
from the right ventricle. Their ule is, firft,.to carry the vital blood and fpirits, 
made in the heart, to all parts of the body: fecondly, to breed animal fpirits in the 
noble ventricle of the marrow, (to wit). the, brain: thirdly, for the nourifhment of 
the body, and all its parts, which are only nourifhed by the arterial blood, and not 
by the yenal: fourthly, to.carry the excrements of the body and blood, either to the 
outward parts of the body, or, to the kidneys, or mefentery or womb, or hamor- 
thoidal veins, &c. The arteries flow only by pulfation: whereby, firft, the heat 
of the parts is cooled and tempered: fecondly, the nourifhing arterial blood is cait 
continually into the fmalleft and moft remote arteries: which is proved by the 
" continual pulfation of the heart, which drives the blood into the greater arteries : 
thirdly, the ftagnation of the venal blood is hereby prevented: for the pulfation — 
keeps it always in motion, by forcibly cafting the more than neceffary arterial blood 
for fourifhment into the veins, which convey it to the heart for fupply, left, it 
thotlid be deliitate “Of ic fanguine humour by its continual expulfion. The 
baits ck re Bote or. pulie, is, according to Bartholine, from both the blood 
filling, and the faculty of the arteries directing. But I judge the caufe to be. 
fpirit, wind, air, or breath: for, if you blow with a reed or pipe being put into 
28. — . K —* 
