AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 6i 
gluteus medius; 14, the mufculus pyriformis 3 15. the quadratus femoris ; 16. the 
biceps femoris ; 17, the femimembranofus 3 18. the membranofus according to Lan- 
cifi; 19. 19. the vafi externi ; 20, the gaftrocnemii; 21. the foleus ; 22. the plantaris. 
OF THE BONES, OR HUMAN SKELETON. 
A BONE is a fimilar, {permatic, part, cold and dry, endowed with hardnefs, 
ftrength, and folidity, that it might give force to the body, fuftain it, and help its 
motion. Its fubftance is naturally hard and folid, covered with a membrane, called 
Periofiion, white, with fome rednefs; hollow in the middle, (except the ribs, 8c.) 
{mooth ; covered in its extremities witha cartilage, and moiftened with a fat humour, 
Called medulla, or marrow. Some bones are perfectly generated in the womb, as 
thofe in the ear, being the fmalleft in the whole body; they are nourifhed by arterial 
blood, as may appear in the bones of young animals, whofe marrow is yet bloody, 
as alfo by blood contained in the marrow: but the proximate and immediate nutri- 
ment of hollow bones, is the marrow; but of bones not hollowed, thick blood fent 
in through the pores. The proper matter therefore of a bone is feed, which confifts 
of humours and fpirits, The efficient caufe is the vis offfica, or an innate faculty, 
acting by the affiftance of heat. 
. The bones are joined together, either by (vmpby/is, for firmnefg, and union; or by 
arthr¢fis, articulation or jointing. Natural union, or growing together, is when the 
connection or joining of bones ‘is without motion : and this is with, or without, a 
medium. Sympbhy/is without a medium is three-fold, viz. by Jutura, barmonia, and 
gompbofis. Sutura, a future, is the joining of bones by indenture, as if the teeth of 
two faws were thruft one into another, asin the bones of the cranium or skull. Har. 
monia, is the joining of bones by a fingle Jine, whether ftraight, oblique, or Circular, 
as in the bones of the nofe and upper jaw, and foall epipby/es in amanner are joined. 
Gompho/is, or nailing, when one bone is faftened into another, as a nail in a poft, fo 
the teeth are faftened in the jaw bones. : 
The whole ftructure of the bones of the head is called cranium, the skull, becaufe 
it is as it were an helmet ; it is alfo called calva and calvaria: its fubftance is boney, 
to fecure the brain, but, in new-born children, it is fofter than ordinary, | 
The bones of the head are either proper or common; the proper are in number 
fix: os frontis , 2. 3. offa fincipitis; 4. occipitis; 5. 6. offa temporum. The common 
bones are only two in number : os /phenoides, and os ethmoides. Os Srontis, the fore- 
head bone, called alfo coronale, is bounded before by the coronal and firit common — 
future, and in the fides by the temporal bones ; it is but one in thofe of ripe age, 
but in children it is double, being divided by a future paffing from the ecg 
30, R i 
