AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 69 
alfo ligaments, which join its head to the humerus and the acromion, or fhoulder to the 
clavicula : and common, thin, and membranous, ligaments, which compafs the joint 
of the fhoulder blade and arm. Its ufes are, 1. to ftrengthen the ribs: 2. for the ar- 
ticulation of the Aumerus and clavicula : 3. for the infertion of the mufcles : 4. toco- 
ver the heart, and defend the back from being hurt. 3 
Os brachii, or bone of the arm, called alfd the fhouldet-bone, is but one, great, 
ftrong, long, roundifh, and uneven. Its fub{tance ig hard and folid 3 itis hollow all 
along within, containing marrow, but at the two ends more broad, and a little fpun- 
gy. In its upper part it has an appendix, epiphy/is, or great head, growing to it; 
which is round, covered with 4 griftle, and articulated'with the feapula ov diar- 
throfis. In the top of it is alfoa long chink, through which the nervous head of 
the mufculus biceps doth pafs. The longer part is articulated to the ubia and radius, 
where there are two apophy/es; an external, which is lefs, and crufted with a griftle ; 
and an internal, having two cavities, reprefenting a pulley, with which the cubit is 
joined by ginglymus, fo that it may be befit to a moft acute angle, but not extended . 
beyond a right line. eee a a ini | 
The bones of the cubit, or elbow, ate two : the {mallet above, called radius, and 
a larger below, called ulna. “T hey are fhorter than the fhoulder, have epiphy/es on 
either fide, and, refting mutually one upon another, are joined by a membranous Ji- 
gament: above, the wa receives the radius; but below, the radius receives it. 
Their fubftance is firm and folid, they are'long, ahd contain a marrowy fubftance ; 
but their furface is fomewhat rough, by reafon of the lines appointed for the 
mufcles. es Rees eee iil | 
Carpus, the wrift, hath eight diftine bones, all of them unequal, and differing in 
fhape and magnitude. At firft they are griftles, afterwards {pungy bones, covered 
with very ftrong griftly ligaments, which faften them together as if they were but 
one bone : thefe ligaments, arifing from the lower proceffes of the wa and radius, 
ferve for articulation: but there are angular or ring: fhaped ligaments, which are 
tranfverfe, and compafs the writ, to Comprehend, ftrengthen, and fafely carry; the 
tendons, which pals through the carpus thefe are many, though they feem to be 
but one ligament, the internal comprehend the tendons of the mufcles which bend 
the fingers; the external, thetendons of the mufeles which extend them, 
~The metacarpus, or palm of the hand, has four bones, of a hard and folid fab- “ 
ftance, and hollow, containing matrow ; they are round, and bigger than tho e of 3 
the fingers that which anfwers to the fore-finger is biggeft, and fo fill the ie 
moft are fmallér. Between each bone a diftance is left for the mu/cult mera 
the fingers: and in the paleti there is atranfverfe ligament, which ties the on 
Sag + Bgieeee T : sai 
