56 FARMERS' INSTITUTES. 



and it brought them together socially and in friendl}' competition. By these 

 improvements two men will reap and store 20 acres of wheat. The Chatau- 

 quan tells of a machine in California drawn by 20 mules and managed by 4 

 men which harvests, threshes, and bags 36 acres of wheat in one day. 



Mr. Newberry: We used to dig and hoe around stumps, to-day we blow 

 them out with dynamite. I doubt if there is a limit to evolution in agricul- 

 ture. We used to raise 15 bushels of wheat and 80 of oats, to-day we raise 50 

 to 80 bushels of oats. As to division of labor, it is involved in the question of 

 cooperative farming. A man who makes a sewing machine by himself can- 

 not have division of labor. If he has capital to employ many men he can. 

 So in farming ; one man by himself has to do everything. If he can buy 

 an immense farm and emplo}' many men he can divide his men and have 

 each one confined to one thing. 



Prof. Carpenter : Relatively the increase in farming crops, or in what one 

 man can do is less than in mechanic arts. Say production has increased 

 100 per cent and may increase still more, yet how much more can the indi- 

 vidual do? Perhaps he can plow 50 per cent more. Perhaps he can reap 20 

 times as much. Whereas in mechanics how is it? In cloth making is it 20 

 times only? It is nearer 1,000 times. In agriculture such a gain cannot be, 

 for one reason your machines are only in use a little while at a time and the 

 interest on cost goes on all the time. So you have to make a greater gain 

 in using machines to make it worth while. 



Mr. Van Hoosen : We used, as farmers, to do all our own manufacturing, 

 making cloth, soap, etc., now we have divided it all up and so realize 

 division of labor. 



STYLE IN FARMING. 



BY PROF. L. H. BAILEY, JR. 

 [Read before Institutes at Grass Lake and Quincy.] 



We must foster every advantage which shall increase the farmer's influ- 

 ence. We must make the farm pay in two ways rather than in one. It is 

 not enough that we demand influence. The first necessity in the demand is 

 the desire to demand. We do not want preferment until we want it. The 

 desire must be individual, sincere. We often clamor because our neighbors 

 clamor. We want a mouse-colored mare because Smith has one. We want 

 more farmers in Congress because it is the fashion to want them. The farm 

 is not so isolated from the heart of fashion that it receives none of its 

 impluse. Desire once alive, we must measure its consequences as if its ful- 

 fillment were in our own hands. Many of us would be miserable if all our 

 prayers Avere answered. Our desire once trimmed and tempered, we must 

 make ourselves worthy of it. As a rule, all men find their true level as do 

 the waters of the sea. The ebb and the flow of influence and position are 

 not haphazard. Our station is for the most part, if not entirely, just where 

 it deserves to be. "The world owes me a living," says one, and he folds 

 his hands. "But you must dun her for it," says the other as he clutches 

 his spade. 



