162 



FARMERS' INSTITUTES. 



range and sometimes spoil tile drains. The open ditch should be cut down 

 to the full dej^th that the tiles are to be laid and left open for one season at 

 least. 



Those who drain muck for the first time are surprised at the distance 

 apart drains may be placed, provided they cut clear through the muck. If 

 the drains do not cut through the muck the distance apart must be about 

 the same as in clay. 



The following maxims are important and should be observed: — 



In all cases in draining, the best results are obtained if the source of water 

 supply can be intercepted. 



If the marsh is made wet by springs, the best results are obtained by inter- 

 cepting the springs by the ditch. 



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As a rule the muck swamp is supplied with water from the side ground or 

 uplands surrounding it. If this be cut off by ditches along the sides the 

 drainage will be complete if the marsh is small. 



In large marshes a complete system of main drains and laterals will be 

 needed. 



FIG. Z. 



Figure 1 illustrates the best location of drains to intercept the flow of 

 water into the basin forming the swamp. A and C are tile drains laid at the 

 edge of the swamp, and B the drain in the center. 



Figure 2 shows a cross section of the swamp, showing the drains more 



