22 STATE FOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



''There are those in which some varieties have the eye open or partially 

 closed, seed cells of the same character, calyx-tubes in which it is difficult to 

 determine whether they are conical or funnel-shaped, and stamens which waver 

 between a marginal and median position, or a median and a basal. But these 

 are difficulties which are easily got over, as I shall show further on. 



"The characters which I have adopted as the basis of this classification are 

 the eye, the seed cells, the calyx-tube, and the stamens. These supply the pri- 

 mary and most important divisions; but they may be extended and broken up 

 into fruit round, roundish, or oblate, and fruit conical, oblong, or ovate, and 

 these for convenience may be farther divided into pale, colored, and russet." 



I abridge from Dr. Hogg's account as follows: 



The eye is wide open, with segments of the calyx reflexed or erect, or the eye 

 is closed with the segments of the calyx erect, forming a cone, or in some cases 

 the tips are spreading; or the eye is closed by the segments lying quite flat and 

 closing in the eye like a trap-door. 



The seed cells are also called the core of the apple. They are either open 

 to the axis or closed ; and between these two forms there are all gradations. 



The calyx-tube. In making a longitudinal section of an apple through the 

 center, there is seen a cavity under the segments of the eye, and between them 

 and the core. This is called the calyx-tube. It varies in form from conical to 

 funnel-shaped. 



The stamens form a bristle-like fringe round the inner surface of the calyx 

 tube. The stamens are not always in the same position. Some form a fringe 

 immediately under the base of the segments and are called marginal, others are 

 median, others situated near the base are termed basal. 



I can testify to the great value of the characters adopted by Dr. Hogg, but 

 some of them, as the position of the stamens and shape of the calyx will not be 

 likely to be understood by any but the student or botanist. Our people will 

 object to them because they are not popular and easy to understand. But as 

 our people learn more botany and science, as they must in a little time, they 

 can all learn to understand these valuable characters. I find that Dr. Hogg 

 has printed in advance of me what I think a good idea, viz. : To provide for 

 cases which are intermediate or sometimes variable from one extreme to the 

 other. He places such varieties in two places in the key. 



Although this is called a new classification, it is based upon well known 

 characters, which are mentioned or used in other works on Pomology. The 

 least known and least frecpiently used are the position of the stamens and the 

 shape of the calyx tube. In constructing my key to the description of apples 

 I shall make free use of the good points indicated by Dr. Hogg. 



Following Prof. Beak's paper there was a beautiful piece of music rendered 

 by the Glee club, which opened the way for an address from President Lyon, 

 which he gave in the form of a report, as chairman of the committee who had 

 charge of forwarding fruit to Philadelphia. 



POMOLOGY AT THE CENTENNIAL. 



In undertaking to give some idea of the grand display of northern pomologi- 

 cal products as they appeared during the time especially designated for their 

 exhibition at the Centennial, it seems hardly necessary that we should go more 

 than very casually over the general ground so fully occupied by the published 

 letters <A' \ isitors and reporters for the press. 



